The Origins of Preventive Detention in Ghana (2.0)

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Kojo T 8 years ago

Thanks for this educative article.Keep it up to dispel the constant lies and fabrications of the NPP.They party with evil foundation that has failed to exorcise itself of that evil.That is why they resort to acid baths and ...
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Thanks for this educative article.Keep it up to dispel the constant lies and fabrications of the NPP.They party with evil foundation that has failed to exorcise itself of that evil.That is why they resort to acid baths and cutlasses to sort out differences.The question is , is that what Ghana needs or a vibrant debate?
Mahmoud 8 years ago

Nkrumah sowed the seeds of violence in our politics and used it to eliminate his political opponents because he was a communist dictator. He was already a comrade and communist disciple before he arrived from Landon. And as ...
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Nkrumah sowed the seeds of violence in our politics and used it to eliminate his political opponents because he was a communist dictator. He was already a comrade and communist disciple before he arrived from Landon. And as we all know, communists don't have a place for opposition in their system and they don't share power too. Nkrumah, therefore, used the multiparty system to ascend to power and managed to demolish it step by step to prevent others from getting there dictatorially.

Our recent political history would explain what I have just said. When Rawlings usurped power from Liman and lunched his Cuban-style Communist Dictatorship, there were always attempted coups and rumours of coups until he reinstated multiparty system and some semblance of democracy in the country. I n a multiparty democracy, the opposition and all stakeholders wait patiently for their turn to take power democratically. That is, if it is believed and confirmed that the incumbent is not using his position cunningly and unjustifiably to prevent them from coming to power, or ever coming to power democratically.

Therefore, democracy and the rule of law are the only guarantors of peace and preventers of political violence and not PDA.

Our recent politics in Ghana would explain what I have said above. When Rawlings usurped power from Liman, and lunched his Cuban-style Communist Dictatorship, there were always news about coups and rumours of coups until he reinstated multiparty system and democracy in the country.

In a democracy and the rule of law, the opposition and stakeholders wait patiently for their turn. That is, if it is believed and confirmed that the incumbent is not using his position to cunningly prevent the opposition from ever coming to power.

Therefore, democracy and the rule of law is the only guarantor of peace and preventer of political violence and not PDA.
Prof Lungu 8 years ago

WHO OVERTHREW NKRUMAH's CPP:
READ:

"....It is...instructive...that none of the...coup d'états have been staged by any other than bona fide members of the Ghanaian military. Granted, some rascal civilians...staunchly bac ...
read full comment

WHO OVERTHREW NKRUMAH's CPP:
READ:

"....It is...instructive...that none of the...coup d'états have been staged by any other than bona fide members of the Ghanaian military. Granted, some rascal civilians...staunchly backed regressively Darwinian means of political access, including a world-renowned...former prime minister (Busia). Interestingly, in July 1956, when President Nkrumah's...CPP...won a landslide victory... Busia rode herd on a delegation to the British office in London, to petition the British Crown, and...colonial overlord, to desist from granting the already-scheduled return of Ghana to self-governance. Fortunately... Busia and his right-wing bourgeois reactionaries did not succeed. (Busia)...however, succeeded ten years later in backing the military junta that unseated the Nkrumah administration and facilitated the precipitous devolution of Ghanaian national destiny....", from “SOUNDS OF SIRENS: ESSAYS IN AFRICAN POLITICS & CULTURE”, Kwame Okoampa-Ahoofe, Jr (2004).

That is the bunch of traitors we've labelled Ghana's First Losers - The Nonentities, Liars, and Crook Gang of Confederate Traitors!

SO WHO DID THEY OVERTHREW:
"...READ: "...BY , DR. SAS, ATTORNEY AT LAW

"....Biological sciences affirm the notion that all humankind are equal, and that exposure to knowledge and culture accounts for why some are more inclined than others to achieve greatness, power and wealth...Therefore the defining variable in mental development is “opportunity” which establishes the most legitimate intellectual differentials in the cognitive abilities of groups and individuals.../...\...It is in the context of all this knowledge that Ghana’s first president, soon after independence, deemed it fit and proper to concentrate on the formal school system to boost the African personality and to merge the tribes under one great banner of nationhood . Dr. Kwame Nkrumah’s vision for Ghana was the elevation of the confidence of the African and the unity of the nation and her people. This vision extended beyond Ghana’s borders to include the whole of Africa. What Nkrumah conceived of nationhood made philosophical sense because without knowledge and unity, no country can claim nationhood. If ignorance makes people show greater allegiances to tribes at the expense of the nation, then the survival of the nation is under serious threat. For a country to be a nation, her people will have to subsume ethnicity under the aegis of the national interest. The present conflicts amongst the tribes, though so far verbal, is a testimony that our country comprises nations within the state. In effect, we of this generation have repudiated the concept of nationhood with our ethnic animosity and undermined the very tenets under which the nation was founded..." (6 February 2007, Ghanaweb, Samuel Adjei Sarfo, J.D., AKA, Dr. SAS, Attorney at Law).

Enjoy....and come again!
GORGORDUTOR 8 years ago

Although the two principals denied the existence of any plot before the Granville Sharp Commission, post 1966, they vehemently and repeatedly asserted that Sir Tsibu Darku and Mr Maurice Charles had erred in one of their key ...
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Although the two principals denied the existence of any plot before the Granville Sharp Commission, post 1966, they vehemently and repeatedly asserted that Sir Tsibu Darku and Mr Maurice Charles had erred in one of their key findings, by their account they had never plotted or planned the assassination of Dr Nkrumah!! Due to their repeated objective, fair and overwhelming positive assessments of Dr Nkrumah's personal traits,record and achievements, the present writer accepts their account as the truth. NB: The writer has had access to the entire records of the Commission of Inquiry to include written statements, verbal testimony, police reports etc for over three decades!! There is little or no evidence to show that the conspiracy envisioned the assassination of Dr Nkrumah as opposed to arresting or detaining him!! Further the principals aver that the attempt to purchase uniforms and war materiel for shipment to Lome was for use by the JUVENTO organization in an uprising against the French colonial authorities. In this regard, if officers of the GAF were to be suborned into launching a coup d'etat logically there was no need for the importation/ smuggling of materiel for that purpose!! Further, an overlooked seldom discussed reason for the antipathy for Dr Nkrumah by many politicians from the now Volta region, was his failure in their view to make a strong push for a plebiscite covering both the British and French Togoland over the question of union with the then Gold Coast colony, in their view such a plebiscite would have resulted in a vote for union and a favorable resolution of "the Ewe question in one stroke!! It must be noted that there principal politicians in Togo as well as most of the African economic elite had very strong familial and ethnic connections with the Gold Coast including Keta born Sylvanus Olympio!! An earlier generation of that economic elite had vehemently petitioned both Britain and the erstwhile League of Nations for a British mandate over the whole Togoland in 1919-20!! To be objective one must also note that cocoa tax policy was an important component of antipathy for Dr Nkrumah, prominent personalities such as Senyo Gatro Antor & Modesto Kwasi Apaloo had extensive interests in cocoa plantations and purchasing agencies!!
C.Y. ANDY-K 8 years ago

The truth shall always come out, when lies are peddled in the face of those who know the truth, For, a lie, just as the truth, is like the calabash; you can't push it under water with your hand and expect it to remain there o ...
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The truth shall always come out, when lies are peddled in the face of those who know the truth, For, a lie, just as the truth, is like the calabash; you can't push it under water with your hand and expect it to remain there once you removed your hands.

The failure of Ghanaian scholars is that they have been unable to examine these records and render dispassionate assessments of what actually happened in those turbulent times. Some of us are too close to actors, both "victims" and those who allegedly "victimised" them and so must recuse ourselves and serve as witnesses. With even the known fact that some Ewes were ready to take up arms and, indeed, took up arms to fight for the secession cause, who could believe that Modesto and Awhaitey were acquiring military accoutrements and weapons to fight only in Togo? And it wouldn't spill over into Ghana??? After all, the Alavanyo uprising was directed at the newly installed Ghana govt.

I also know for a fact that my relations who were detained on accusations of receiving money from Olympio to plot secession did no such thing.

Such was the tension and palpably fear in the country that, prior to their arrests, an edict was issued ordering all in the VR to surrender their guns. Even the old Dane guns were surrendered. In view of the foregoing, no sensible govt could ignore arresting and locking up those accused of planning violence, even if the evidence is not most compelling. After all, many such reports were investigated and no arrests effected. And many were set free after investigations showed that the allegations were not true. If the PDA were not there, those who were actually planning violence would have had a free rein to cause mayhem. See what they were doing even without the PDA.

Andy-K
Prof Lungu 8 years ago

C.Y. ANDY-K,

YOUR: "...Some of us are too close to actors, both "victims" and those who allegedly "victimised" them and so must recuse ourselves and serve as witnesses..."

WE SAY: Seminal!

Except, if they know about ...
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C.Y. ANDY-K,

YOUR: "...Some of us are too close to actors, both "victims" and those who allegedly "victimised" them and so must recuse ourselves and serve as witnesses..."

WE SAY: Seminal!

Except, if they know about records destroyed, sold, etc., they must allow those facts to be seen/reviewed by those not "too close".

Greetings.
GORGORDUTOR 8 years ago

From a security point of view, if one is suborning GAF officers to mount a coup, importing/ smuggling arms and uniforms appears unnecessary and a pointless security risk. As the events of 24 Feb 1966 have shown plotting and e ...
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From a security point of view, if one is suborning GAF officers to mount a coup, importing/ smuggling arms and uniforms appears unnecessary and a pointless security risk. As the events of 24 Feb 1966 have shown plotting and executing an illegal military coup does not require the import of materiel, I will also note that JUVENTO was the militant youth wing of Sylvanus Olympio's CUT, Mr Olympio prior to 1959 was the leading proponent of a Togo-Gold Coast union, JUVENTO's leadership cadre was dominated by Anlo Ewes either Togo born or Gold Coast born. As Efo Yaw would know the African economic elites in Togo was of predominantly Anlo background even the Anexo contingent had strong familial and matrimonial links to Anlo!! A not so dirty secret is the fact that Anlo citizens had established an effective economic hegemoy in what is now Togo and the Volta region of Ghana, this hegemony included non Ewe ethnic groups, this is why in nontraditional Ewe areas where Ewe is a second or commercial language it is a modified Anlo variant that prevails!! I will here state again much of the antipathy toward Dr. Nkrumah was due to a view that he had not mounted a strong push for a plebiscite covering all of the former German Togoland and a dislike for his cocoa tax policies!! The Alavanyo riots were in large part motivated by the above factors and in my view have been mischaracterized as a seccessionist drive!! It is a matter of record that Amega Senyo Gatro Antor and the northern Ewe segment of exiles post 1966 never mounted or even talked of secession!! I would suggest that had they been truly secessionists, given the immense provocation endured between 1969-72 they would have taken up the secessionist cry!! It is my personal suspicion that the Alavanyo incidents had a strong economic motivation i.e. the cocoa big men manipulated the grievance of Ewe unionists to give Dr. Nkrumah a political headache, given Dr. Nkrumah inclination to conciliation and reasonable compromise where necessary, the big men might have bet that negotiations would ensue and some adjustment to cocoa policy might have been part of a political deal. To be clear this pure informed speculation!! For the record, despite the details I still believe the PDA was an unfortunate but necessary tool despite any abuses!!
Prof Lungu 8 years ago

Hoping many other people are getting smart on these "chunks" of Ghana's history.

You mention "Cocoa 'Big Men'"

Today's version, if anyone cares to know, is "Oil 'Big Men".

In fact, for those who missed it, this ver ...
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Hoping many other people are getting smart on these "chunks" of Ghana's history.

You mention "Cocoa 'Big Men'"

Today's version, if anyone cares to know, is "Oil 'Big Men".

In fact, for those who missed it, this version of Oil "Big Men" is a documentary about Ghana's Oil:

"...Filmmaker Rachel Boynton journeys deep into the African oil industry of Ghana and Nigeria to expose the corruption surrounding it.
Release date: October 10, 2013 (Boston)
Director: Rachel Boynton
Screenplay: Rachel Boynton
Music composed by: Nathan Larson
Producer: Rachel Boynton
Cinematography: Jonathan Furmanski..."

ITEM: That is what GIGS, GhanaHero.Com, Prof Lungu and Associates, and Others (in Ghana and outside Ghana) are attempting to correct through the Fair-Trade Oil Share-Ghana (FTOS-GH) campaign.

Greetings GORGORDUTOR, C.Y. ANDY-K, Kojo T, and all.

Peace!
C.Y. ANDY-K 8 years ago

My Man, I am with you. I wish I have time to dwell on the history further but no worries, I had already done in detail in a series on ice for years now. Briefly, you have to know that prior the coming of the Gas and the Anyis ...
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My Man, I am with you. I wish I have time to dwell on the history further but no worries, I had already done in detail in a series on ice for years now. Briefly, you have to know that prior the coming of the Gas and the Anyis who founded Anexo the territory up to Whyddah was under the control of the people now referred Anlos but actually the main group of the Dogbos who migrated from Notsie. and as u might know, Torgbui Sri 1 was their chief, and Wenya his uncle one of the leaders. They founded those southern Togo towns and still have links with them, since the people there were their kins and kith. That's why the Anlos were able to intercede to allow the Gas fugitives to settle at Glidzi after their defeat by the Akwamus by the late C17th. Anyis/Anes/Fantis or the Adjigoes, as the Anlos/Dogbos called them, came later in 1702 when the Asantes defeated Denkyira and took over the Elmina coastal area. They founded Anexo. After the collapse of the friendship, the creation of the Ge-nyi State, and all those internecine wars, when peace prevailed, they continued to trade and intermarried. That's why the mother of one of the Awoamefias of an;o, "Fiayidzehe" was from Anexo. Even Torgbui Sri II(ruled from 1906-56) II was born in present Togo!

Colonial borders came to split who consider themselves as kins. The French just started classifying some people as Anlos when the agitation for union with the Gold Coast started. The letter to the League of Nations (I have it) was not for secession but for union with the Gold Coast. However, positions became complicated with Antor's intrusion and plans, that the TVT should first be on its own and then negotiate with the rest of Togo to join with Ghana, similar to the position of Olympio. I don't want to go into the complexity of the whole darn thing, well covered by Prof. Amenumey's book, The Ewe Unification Movt.

Question is, can those the French classified their as "Anlos" parents come to vote in Ghana, unmindful of the fact that much of the land of Lome is owned by people from Aflao and environs??? I had wanted to write a piece with the stats when the brouhaha about voters from Togo started.

Yes, I had mentioned the Anlo cocoa connection many times but it was the l'import (poll tax)thing that was what jived for the masses they mobilised to cause the riots at Anloga in 1953 that led to the deaths of three elders and the subsequent hanging of 6 alleged ring leaders by the newly installed CPP govt. The CPP that won the elections there too became an anathema to many from then. You have to be careful who you are speaking too concerning these matters.

Andy-K
Prof Lungu 8 years ago

Again, thanks to you all for these "expositions" on the "History of Ghana".

We can say that we all have a lot of learning to do - some, more than others.

Again, thanks to you all for these "expositions" on the "History of Ghana".

We can say that we all have a lot of learning to do - some, more than others.
GORGORDUTOR 8 years ago

Thanks Efo Yaw, you shed more light on some issues that for various reasons my elders were extremely reluctant to discuss!! I suspect you have handed me a key to open doors that hitherto have been shut in my face, before my T ...
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Thanks Efo Yaw, you shed more light on some issues that for various reasons my elders were extremely reluctant to discuss!! I suspect you have handed me a key to open doors that hitherto have been shut in my face, before my Todia joins the ancestors! Akpenawo!!
YAW 8 years ago

It is hard not to be persuaded by the importance and the urgency of the PDA. The breathtaking speed it took the "persemakomya" terrorist gang within the NLM to impose their will on the rest of Ghanaians through Bombing and ...
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It is hard not to be persuaded by the importance and the urgency of the PDA. The breathtaking speed it took the "persemakomya" terrorist gang within the NLM to impose their will on the rest of Ghanaians through Bombing and maiming were despicable. Thanks to Prof Lungu and co for exposing the "Al-Qaeda Like" actions of the modern day JB Danquah followers.
tiger 8 years ago

Growing up and not understanding at the time what was going on we couldnt
realise how bad the Situation was.
There was one Slogan both for CPP and Up depending on where you say it and in which language you may be in deep Tr ...
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Growing up and not understanding at the time what was going on we couldnt
realise how bad the Situation was.
There was one Slogan both for CPP and Up depending on where you say it and in which language you may be in deep Trouble Ablode in Ewe Freedom in english.people were severely beaten up for this all thanks to how deep the NLM-UP for us it was the same devided the People.I understood more after all UP MPS were arrested and sent to Nsawam.Even then I did not understsnd everything as i do today.What do you do with a political Party which believes in violence that should their opinion be rejected their responce is violence.To Keep the peace in the Country the PDA was neccessary.Its sad that NPP direct following Party of NLM-UP-PP refuse to öearn from These Facts and have adopted the same method.
Mahmoud 8 years ago

All discernible Ghanaians know that Nkrumah sowed the seeds of violence in our politics and used it to eliminate his political opponents because he was a communist dictator. Nkrumah was already a comrade and communist discipl ...
read full comment

All discernible Ghanaians know that Nkrumah sowed the seeds of violence in our politics and used it to eliminate his political opponents because he was a communist dictator. Nkrumah was already a comrade and communist disciple before he arrived from Landon. And as we all know, communists don't have a place for opposition in their system and they don't share power too. Nkrumah, therefore, used the multiparty system to ascend to power and managed to demolish it step by step to prevent others from getting there dictatorially.

Our recent political history would explain what I have just said. When Rawlings usurped power from Liman and lunched his Cuban-style Communist Dictatorship, there were always attempted coups and rumours of coups until he reinstated multiparty system and some semblance of democracy in the country. In a multiparty democracy, the opposition and all stakeholders wait patiently for their turn to take power democratically. That is, if it is believed and confirmed that the incumbent is not using his position cunningly and unjustifiably to prevent them from coming to power, or ever coming to power democratically.

Therefore, democracy and the rule of law are the only guarantors of peace and preventers of political violence and not PDA.
Prof Lungu 8 years ago

READ.................

WHO OVERTHREW NKRUMAH's CPP:
READ:

"....It is...instructive...that none of the...coup d'états have been staged by any other than bona fide members of the Ghanaian military. Granted, some rasca ...
read full comment

READ.................

WHO OVERTHREW NKRUMAH's CPP:
READ:

"....It is...instructive...that none of the...coup d'états have been staged by any other than bona fide members of the Ghanaian military. Granted, some rascal civilians...staunchly backed regressively Darwinian means of political access, including a world-renowned...former prime minister (Busia). Interestingly, in July 1956, when President Nkrumah's...CPP...won a landslide victory... Busia rode herd on a delegation to the British office in London, to petition the British Crown, and...colonial overlord, to desist from granting the already-scheduled return of Ghana to self-governance. Fortunately... Busia and his right-wing bourgeois reactionaries did not succeed. (Busia)...however, succeeded ten years later in backing the military junta that unseated the Nkrumah administration and facilitated the precipitous devolution of Ghanaian national destiny....", from “SOUNDS OF SIRENS: ESSAYS IN AFRICAN POLITICS & CULTURE”, Kwame Okoampa-Ahoofe, Jr (2004).

That is the bunch of traitors we've labelled Ghana's First Losers - The Nonentities, Liars, and Crook Gang of Confederate Traitors!

SO WHO DID THEY OVERTHREW:
"...READ: "...BY , DR. SAS, ATTORNEY AT LAW

"....Biological sciences affirm the notion that all humankind are equal, and that exposure to knowledge and culture accounts for why some are more inclined than others to achieve greatness, power and wealth...Therefore the defining variable in mental development is “opportunity” which establishes the most legitimate intellectual differentials in the cognitive abilities of groups and individuals.../...\...It is in the context of all this knowledge that Ghana’s first president, soon after independence, deemed it fit and proper to concentrate on the formal school system to boost the African personality and to merge the tribes under one great banner of nationhood . Dr. Kwame Nkrumah’s vision for Ghana was the elevation of the confidence of the African and the unity of the nation and her people. This vision extended beyond Ghana’s borders to include the whole of Africa. What Nkrumah conceived of nationhood made philosophical sense because without knowledge and unity, no country can claim nationhood. If ignorance makes people show greater allegiances to tribes at the expense of the nation, then the survival of the nation is under serious threat. For a country to be a nation, her people will have to subsume ethnicity under the aegis of the national interest. The present conflicts amongst the tribes, though so far verbal, is a testimony that our country comprises nations within the state. In effect, we of this generation have repudiated the concept of nationhood with our ethnic animosity and undermined the very tenets under which the nation was founded..." (6 February 2007, Ghanaweb, Samuel Adjei Sarfo, J.D., AKA, Dr. SAS, Attorney at Law).

Enjoy....and come again!
GORGORDUTOR 8 years ago

You are funny not to say ridiculous, are you not of the black inferiority complex muti-brains worshipping at the feet of Kwesibroni? Don't you glorify and justify anything your white supremacist masters day and do!! So you ar ...
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You are funny not to say ridiculous, are you not of the black inferiority complex muti-brains worshipping at the feet of Kwesibroni? Don't you glorify and justify anything your white supremacist masters day and do!! So you are saying only Kwesibroni is entitled to use extraordinary measures to protect their states or defend their colonial interests, what idiocy and SELFHATING abject servile thinking is this?? May you rot in your neocolonial stooge swamp!!
amanfo 8 years ago

It's not in our interest to cure any ignorance of people against PDA and Nkrumah's person. Visit the various libraries and help yourselves out with the history books. Thank you

It's not in our interest to cure any ignorance of people against PDA and Nkrumah's person. Visit the various libraries and help yourselves out with the history books. Thank you
Prof Lungu 8 years ago

Amanfo,
Libraries are manned by "people". Somebody decides to put a particular book, record, or material in a library, versus other materials/records.

That includes "History books".

In Ghana, beginning in 1966, the NL ...
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Amanfo,
Libraries are manned by "people". Somebody decides to put a particular book, record, or material in a library, versus other materials/records.

That includes "History books".

In Ghana, beginning in 1966, the NLC-NLM-PP, and their latter day incarnations, destroyed a lot of the real records. Those they did not destroy, they sold, or gave away.

Explains wholly why the actual history is not taught in schools in Ghana.

And the policy quandary many administrators and politicians have: they cannot think critically because Ghana's foremost critical thinker, as far as development is concerned, is/was Dr. Kwame Nkrumah.

When you jettison Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana, you cannot become or remain a "critical thinker for/of development".

Explains for instance, why Akuffo-Addo, in 2010, was talking about using Ghana's oil wealth to build upon the "Guggisberg economy."

Explains in part why officials in Kumasi will name a park programmed and constructed during 2014-2015, "Rattray Park".

The good news is today, the internet is an information equalizer. All their lies are being exposed. So, for a lot of these things, one does not have to go and sit in a "library" to learn or know.

See materials we have at www.GhanaHero.com!

Word!
Amasaman Adjei Lamptey!!! 8 years ago

This is pure lies! I'am old enough to vividly remember the recounted events.

Those who recorded the events were either bias or were underground CPP reporters. In the coming days, I shall come back to give my own version.
...
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This is pure lies! I'am old enough to vividly remember the recounted events.

Those who recorded the events were either bias or were underground CPP reporters. In the coming days, I shall come back to give my own version.

But Ghanaians be aware of these shameful reporters. God Bless Ghana.
GORGORDUTOR 8 years ago

Dzey dzemeh, Odonkpoi asaneh!! What fable are you going to come up with. Most newspapers were owned by private interests that had no extraordinary liking for Dr Nkrumah or the CPP!! If you take a close look at the leadership ...
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Dzey dzemeh, Odonkpoi asaneh!! What fable are you going to come up with. Most newspapers were owned by private interests that had no extraordinary liking for Dr Nkrumah or the CPP!! If you take a close look at the leadership of GaShifimoKpee and their financial backers, you will once again find CocoaBigMen! Many Ghanaians are not aware of how a disproportionate number of cocoa magnates of the 50's and 60's were of Ga,Shai, Krobo and Anlo background!! In fact the first cocoa farmers in Akan lands were overwhelming Ga, Krobo or Akuapem Guan!! Just as most are not aware of deep ethnic ties between the Ga-Adangme and Akuapem Guan to include for example a family/ clan who hold traditional offices at Obosumase and Osu Kinkawe!!
GORGORDUTOR 8 years ago

The principal cause of opposition to Dr. Nkrumah was motivated by the shortsighted selfish economic interest of much of the elite. It was not if independence was desirable, but whose interests would be paramount elites or the ...
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The principal cause of opposition to Dr. Nkrumah was motivated by the shortsighted selfish economic interest of much of the elite. It was not if independence was desirable, but whose interests would be paramount elites or the masses??!! It was not even whether Dr. Nkrumah's goals were correct but who would pay for it!! The predominant majority of the opposition leadership from south Ghana had extensive ties to the cocoa complex regardless of ethnic origin!! The accusations of communism were pretext, the post facto denunciations of his Pan Afrikan ideals stemmed from shortsightedness and a willingness to remain in the circumscribed" thinking box" that was part and parcel of the colonial powers world view!! Ghanaians should be aware!! TODAY OUR ELITES SEE THEIR INTERESTS AS CLASHING WITH THOSE OF THE MASSES NOTHING HAS CHANGED EXCEPT THAT THE GREED & SHORTSIGHTEDNESS OF OUR ELITES MAKES Dr.NKRUMAH'S OPPOSITION LOOK GOOD IN COMPARISON!!

The Origins of Preventive Detention in Ghana (2.0)

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