Failing the people has become the norm instead fulfilling promises to the people. Every single day that passes by without the implementation of fundamental ECOWAS protocols is an oceanic impression of failure which affect the ... read full comment
Failing the people has become the norm instead fulfilling promises to the people. Every single day that passes by without the implementation of fundamental ECOWAS protocols is an oceanic impression of failure which affect the psychology of inhabitants of West Africa. What kind of Governments do we have as implements in our fight against poverty?
james A. 10 years ago
for how many years would you wait to do right thing for your people? All the members said they want this for sooo many years.
for how many years would you wait to do right thing for your people? All the members said they want this for sooo many years.
THE GERMAN FACT 10 years ago
WHAT IS ECOWAS? WE DON´T WANT OUR COUNTRY TO BE DESTROYED BY THIS TEMPTATION NDC PARTY. GHANA IS NOW FULL OF CRIMINALS FROM THOSE COUNTRY AROUND US. GHANAIANS NEED PROTECTION
WHAT IS ECOWAS? WE DON´T WANT OUR COUNTRY TO BE DESTROYED BY THIS TEMPTATION NDC PARTY. GHANA IS NOW FULL OF CRIMINALS FROM THOSE COUNTRY AROUND US. GHANAIANS NEED PROTECTION
A GHANAIAN 10 years ago
The reason is simple: France will not like to wean off its 'babies', having brought them under the same Nazist regime that brought France to its knees during the 2nd World War. At that time, the whole economy of France belong ... read full comment
The reason is simple: France will not like to wean off its 'babies', having brought them under the same Nazist regime that brought France to its knees during the 2nd World War. At that time, the whole economy of France belonged to the Nazis. Africa has waited for quite too long to sever off the umbilical chord. CFA is not for Africa; it is France's currency. The French has done and continue to do all they can to torpido all the efforts at regional integration, including the common currency and the common customs policies.Yes, and the divide and rule continues. African universities and all the masses must arise and say ENOUGH IS ENOUGH to Western dominion. Let the message go and our dear Africa will arise. Down with Western infantilization and ridicule.
A GHANAIAN 10 years ago
My dear reader, do you know that in the early 70s all export receipts of Francophone Africa (excluding Guinea) belonged to France just because these countries were made to lodge all these earnings in the French treasury? Yes ... read full comment
My dear reader, do you know that in the early 70s all export receipts of Francophone Africa (excluding Guinea) belonged to France just because these countries were made to lodge all these earnings in the French treasury? Yes, they could make withdrawals for special purposes and that was all. After some pressure was brought to bear on the French government, they shed off 35 per cent and from the mid 2000s, countries of the cfa zone have access to a maximum of 50 per cent of their export earnings. "Simply unimaginable", you'll say but that is the stark reality. We work for the West. They use our money to pay their debts and to honour other financial obligations. For example, if you're jobless, the State will continue to pay you something to survive on, anyway. LET AFRICA SAY NO RIGHT FROM THE BOTTOM (AND NOT FROM THE TOP BECAUSE MOST OF OUR LEADERS HAVE THEIR HANDS TIED) AND YOU'LL SEE WHAT HAPPENS NEXT. Those who have subjected our continent to ridicule will have to look elsewhere, I bet you. Let the message go.
Ghfuo, change ur mentality 10 years ago
Call it the cedi. And include Cameroon in ecowas. How do these french speaking ecowas nations feel about a single.Ecowas currency? The measure of a nations productivity will depend. On its productivity levels, imports and exp ... read full comment
Call it the cedi. And include Cameroon in ecowas. How do these french speaking ecowas nations feel about a single.Ecowas currency? The measure of a nations productivity will depend. On its productivity levels, imports and exports. Monetary or economic strength won't necessarily be tied to the currency any more.
Mp 10 years ago
Hmmmm!
Hmmmm!
bob 10 years ago
When are we going to come with our own original plan.And stop following. when the wind blow we blow with it.Because the European went with single currency,all we doing is imitating the Europeans.When they form EU,we also ca ... read full comment
When are we going to come with our own original plan.And stop following. when the wind blow we blow with it.Because the European went with single currency,all we doing is imitating the Europeans.When they form EU,we also came out with AU.The European did not wake up one daym and decide to go for a single currency.They look at each countries economy.Look for example Mali's gdp.
TROUBLE-MAKER 10 years ago
Thank you.Even the Europeans are having problems with the single currency.
Thank you.Even the Europeans are having problems with the single currency.
They Say They Say 10 years ago
Single currency for ecowas countries is the only the way forward to rapid developement in west africa. Why this logic is beating these so-called leaders is frustrating. If the europeans can do it why not africans?
Single currency for ecowas countries is the only the way forward to rapid developement in west africa. Why this logic is beating these so-called leaders is frustrating. If the europeans can do it why not africans?
Pelicles 10 years ago
What is the state of African Union? We should stop the "copy" tactics and reason for once. Why do you think a single currency under Ecowas is the best idea? We are always copying the Europeans but are we advance like them? ... read full comment
What is the state of African Union? We should stop the "copy" tactics and reason for once. Why do you think a single currency under Ecowas is the best idea? We are always copying the Europeans but are we advance like them? How long did it take them to come under a single currency?
If this currency takes a nose dive, how do we put structures in place to save it? Look at our individual currencies and how they are performing. It is better for us to pay proper attention to our own than this moot idea which will cause a lot of headaches.
They Say They Say 10 years ago
I don't think you understand what you are saying yourself. If I can explain in simple term for you: individual currency (as you say) will be competing with the dollar as an individual economy. Don't you think a combined econo ... read full comment
I don't think you understand what you are saying yourself. If I can explain in simple term for you: individual currency (as you say) will be competing with the dollar as an individual economy. Don't you think a combined economy with a single currency has a better chance to compete with the dollar? Simple logic.
TROUBLE-MAKER 10 years ago
I hope they are taking note of the trouble the EURO is going through. A currency without a central government to control it is bound to fail.
The US dollar is working because the states are under one central government in Wa ... read full comment
I hope they are taking note of the trouble the EURO is going through. A currency without a central government to control it is bound to fail.
The US dollar is working because the states are under one central government in Washington.In Europe the various countries have their prime ministers and presidents while Brussels is controlling the EURO.
It`s Brussels that releases money for individual countries to budget their economy annually,and once you runs out of cash you are stuck,hence the bloody austerity measures taking place in the Euro zones.
Becareful of what you are going into.
GHFUO, be serious & change ur MENtali 10 years ago
WAT IS WRONG WITH BRUSSELS ALLOCATING CASH FOR THE VARIOUS EU NATIONS? ASINGLE CURRENCY ELIMINATES BOTTLENECKS LIKE CURRENCY PRODUCING COSTS, COUNTERFEITING ETC. THE ONUS IS MORE ON MANUFACTURING, PROPELLING PRODUCTION, SERVI ... read full comment
WAT IS WRONG WITH BRUSSELS ALLOCATING CASH FOR THE VARIOUS EU NATIONS? ASINGLE CURRENCY ELIMINATES BOTTLENECKS LIKE CURRENCY PRODUCING COSTS, COUNTERFEITING ETC. THE ONUS IS MORE ON MANUFACTURING, PROPELLING PRODUCTION, SERVICE INDUSTRIES. IS WASHINGTON NOT CONTROLLING THE USDOLLAR? JUST LIKE HOW BRUSSELS IS DOING WITH THE EURO? THE US IS TREADING TOWARDS A COMMUNIST NATION BECOS THEY HVE REALISED THAT COMMUNISM AND SOCIALISM WORKS.
TROUBLE-MAKER 10 years ago
Washington is controlling the dollar under one central government,yes. How many leaders under the Euro is Brussels controlling?
Until the Europeans have one central government to run Europe,the EURO and the people in the EUR ... read full comment
Washington is controlling the dollar under one central government,yes. How many leaders under the Euro is Brussels controlling?
Until the Europeans have one central government to run Europe,the EURO and the people in the EURO zones will continue to suffer.I think I made that clear initially.
Ghfuo, change ur mentality 10 years ago
U watch too much cnn news bullshit and refuse to use your common sense. Whatever you hear cnn etc is the direct opposite, Fyi. Moving forward, The British economy is not doing better than the euro but worse. If it was, they ... read full comment
U watch too much cnn news bullshit and refuse to use your common sense. Whatever you hear cnn etc is the direct opposite, Fyi. Moving forward, The British economy is not doing better than the euro but worse. If it was, they wouldn't bring in a canadian to try to turn things around for them. Washington dc is not even a state so technically they operate just like Brussels. The reason why you have the federal Reserve is to make political/governance separate from monetary manipulation which will be unfair to other less economically endowed states. The role of the Federal Reserve just like the the euro is to ensure equity amongst the states and euro nations...more like socialism. These institutions act as bail out stations to those in need. That way, their reliance on global institutions. Like the world Bank and imf is very much reduced. This is what I call collective economics. Fyi, I just realized that scotland, wales all use the pound so ideally it makes no sense for the UK to be part of the euro becos their economies are tied into the other nations in the uk.
TROUBLE-MAKER 10 years ago
First of all I use common sense in everything I do,and second of all,the last time I watched CNN was in 2005 because I have more balanced media outlets elsewhere.
The UK is NOT the only country in Europe outside the EURO zon ... read full comment
First of all I use common sense in everything I do,and second of all,the last time I watched CNN was in 2005 because I have more balanced media outlets elsewhere.
The UK is NOT the only country in Europe outside the EURO zone doing well economically,so your comparison with Scotland and Wales within the UK is wrong.
Not long ago the British Chancellor threatened Scotland that they would be out of the pound should they vote in favour of independence Scotland.
If the Scottish economy is helping the UK economy and sustaining the value of the pound,the Chancellor wouldn`t dare go there.
You get my drift?
Ghfuo, change ur mentality 10 years ago
Dude, The UK economy is not doing any better either. Common sense alone should tell you that the euro is much stronger than the pound. It's simply getting shortered to gain more momentum and economy activity..like buying more ... read full comment
Dude, The UK economy is not doing any better either. Common sense alone should tell you that the euro is much stronger than the pound. It's simply getting shortered to gain more momentum and economy activity..like buying more goods,services, boost.production, tourism, attract invesylrs. Look at the economies involved in the euro alone? That's like double the uk...lol Plus, the euro is sending products like cars, machinery etc to asia and china. who is this chancellor? U think he has a say? It's a monarchy run by the old lady who rarely speaks! Scotland and wales are not France and luxemnurg! These guys are practically a month family. So take what the chancellor said with a grain of salt....lol it will never happen becos they ol lady said so.
TROUBLE-MAKER 10 years ago
Can you imagine the reaction of Nigerians within the ECOWAS not meeting their annual budget under the single currency?
Can you imagine the reaction of Nigerians within the ECOWAS not meeting their annual budget under the single currency?
Ghfuo, change ur mentality 10 years ago
Dats their problem if they don't balance their budget. The same rules apply to all so if naija fails to balance their budget. That means they are not being disciplined. They can seek help from ecowas, but it will.come with pe ... read full comment
Dats their problem if they don't balance their budget. The same rules apply to all so if naija fails to balance their budget. That means they are not being disciplined. They can seek help from ecowas, but it will.come with penalties etc...basically, ecowas will act as a west African imf for the nations involved.
bometsitsi 10 years ago
If single currency is such a good idea, why is the USA is in so much debt? Why is unemployment so rampant in EU countries? Do you really want unellected private individuals controlling your currency? Nooooo! Keeping your loca ... read full comment
If single currency is such a good idea, why is the USA is in so much debt? Why is unemployment so rampant in EU countries? Do you really want unellected private individuals controlling your currency? Nooooo! Keeping your local currency to finance your internal development is the way to go. Do not copy the stupidity of the West. Look at the debt of China, Japan, Russia...Your own currency controlled by the government (not the central bank) is key to development.
Don't let them fool ya!!!
TROUBLE-MAKER 10 years ago
Ooooooh,I know someone somewhere will come to the rescue. Well done,Buddy.Exactly my point.
Ooooooh,I know someone somewhere will come to the rescue. Well done,Buddy.Exactly my point.
Ghfuo, change ur mentality 10 years ago
U are mad. Very soon the entire globe will be using 1 currency. It will begin with the g8 nations. Then they get everyone to buy into their currency. How will it work, u ask? Well, each national will get a certain amount per ... read full comment
U are mad. Very soon the entire globe will be using 1 currency. It will begin with the g8 nations. Then they get everyone to buy into their currency. How will it work, u ask? Well, each national will get a certain amount per year. And you will be told how to budget and make it work. If u say no. The global.community will shut you out. Can't you see where this is going? It's already a global economy. Dictated by the west as in the size or their economies, technology, manufacturering etc.. A recognized global currency
GH-Atheist 10 years ago
ECOWAS countries are too different economically for this to work.
ECOWAS countries are too different economically for this to work.
OSEI 10 years ago
WITH OUR AILING ECONOMY, THAT WILL BE OUR END. LEARN FROM THE EUROPEANS. THOSE COUNTRIES THAT DID NOT EMBRACE THE EURO ARE DOING FAR BETTER. WE SHOULD NOT ENTERTAIN THIS IDEA AT ALL.
WITH OUR AILING ECONOMY, THAT WILL BE OUR END. LEARN FROM THE EUROPEANS. THOSE COUNTRIES THAT DID NOT EMBRACE THE EURO ARE DOING FAR BETTER. WE SHOULD NOT ENTERTAIN THIS IDEA AT ALL.
bometsitsi 10 years ago
Thank you, Bro! People should start using the box between their ears! I hope they seek truth from everyday facts.
Thank you, Bro! People should start using the box between their ears! I hope they seek truth from everyday facts.
A GHANAIAN 10 years ago
No, that isn't true. Unity is always strength. Let's trade among ourselves and shift our business priorities to emerging economies like the East economic giants and Brazil with a common currency and see the result.
No, that isn't true. Unity is always strength. Let's trade among ourselves and shift our business priorities to emerging economies like the East economic giants and Brazil with a common currency and see the result.
Ajah B. 10 years ago
The sum of bad economies equals One Bad ECOWAS Economy. This is simple logic, folks.
The sum of bad economies equals One Bad ECOWAS Economy. This is simple logic, folks.
Ghfuo, change ur mentality 10 years ago
You are very naive. Add 10 -1s and what will you get? A positive number
You are very naive. Add 10 -1s and what will you get? A positive number
DAN 10 years ago
YOU WASTING YOUR AND OUR TIME HERE
YOU WASTING YOUR AND OUR TIME HERE
Dj. Daabodaabo 10 years ago
ECOWAS IS A ROOT OF EVIL. IT MUST HAVE SAME IDENTITY CARD TO SIGNIFY NO DIFFERENCE.
ECOWAS IS A ROOT OF EVIL. IT MUST HAVE SAME IDENTITY CARD TO SIGNIFY NO DIFFERENCE.
Osagefo 10 years ago
The euro was created because a single currency offers many advantages and benefits over the previous situation where each Member State had its own currency. Not only are fluctuation risks and exchange costs eliminated and the ... read full comment
The euro was created because a single currency offers many advantages and benefits over the previous situation where each Member State had its own currency. Not only are fluctuation risks and exchange costs eliminated and the single market strengthened, but the euro also means closer co-operation among Member States for a stable currency and economy to the benefit of us all.
When the EU was founded in 1957, the Member States concentrated on building a 'common market' for trade. However, over time it became clear that closer economic and monetary co-operation was needed for the internal market to develop and flourish further, and for the whole European economy to perform better, bringing more jobs and greater prosperity for Europeans. In 1991, the Member States approved the Treaty on European Union (the Maastricht Treaty), deciding that Europe would have a strong and stable currency for the 21st century.
The benefits of the euro are diverse and are felt on different scales, from individuals and businesses to whole economies. They include:
More choice and stable prices for consumers and citizens
Greater security and more opportunities for businesses and markets
Improved economic stability and growth
More integrated financial markets
A stronger presence for the EU in the global economy
A tangible sign of a European identity
Many of these benefits are interconnected. For example, economic stability is good for a Member State’s economy as it allows the government to plan for the future. But economic stability also benefits businesses because it reduces uncertainty and encourages companies to invest. This, in turn, benefits citizens who see more employment and better-quality jobs.
DAN 10 years ago
UK NEVER JOINED(POUND) AND SEVERAL COUNTRYS LIKE GERMANY WANT OUT SO THEY DON'T SUPPORT GREECE'S FAILURE
UK NEVER JOINED(POUND) AND SEVERAL COUNTRYS LIKE GERMANY WANT OUT SO THEY DON'T SUPPORT GREECE'S FAILURE
YAA-US 10 years ago
This is rubbish. To use the same currency in West Africa whereby Nigerians can easily print their fake ones to deceive our market women. No way for this. Be wise!
This is rubbish. To use the same currency in West Africa whereby Nigerians can easily print their fake ones to deceive our market women. No way for this. Be wise!
Asunafo 10 years ago
Hell NO!. We cannot use the same currency with the Nigerians. That will be disastrous.
Hell NO!. We cannot use the same currency with the Nigerians. That will be disastrous.
zak 10 years ago
Single currency policy long over due.
Our leaders are not serious just bla bla
Single currency policy long over due.
Our leaders are not serious just bla bla
GhanaBA 10 years ago
we are our own troubles, if PHD sense cant help, what stops us from using the common sense approach?
we are our own troubles, if PHD sense cant help, what stops us from using the common sense approach?
Doom 10 years ago
Why we ghanaians hate nigerians last time i checked their currency is stronger than ours the they also have a more stable currency with inflation at 8% all we can do is cry
Why we ghanaians hate nigerians last time i checked their currency is stronger than ours the they also have a more stable currency with inflation at 8% all we can do is cry
concern ghanaian 10 years ago
SECURITY FIRST
SECURITY FIRST
Wofa Koo 10 years ago
Single currency is the basic fundamental.Before proceeding with any free border crossing and/or regional trading relationship, ECOWAS must attain a single currency in putting the ECOWAS regional memebers in an equilibrium sta ... read full comment
Single currency is the basic fundamental.Before proceeding with any free border crossing and/or regional trading relationship, ECOWAS must attain a single currency in putting the ECOWAS regional memebers in an equilibrium state.
EZEKIEL 10 years ago
THIS IS THE WAY for the Future! UNITY/Block Units and we have a BETTER BARGAINING FORCE for our Raw Materials,some countries DESPERATELY ALSO NEED!
Look at EU-USA-India-China-Russia---ONLY Africa negotiates 54times!
UNITY, ... read full comment
THIS IS THE WAY for the Future! UNITY/Block Units and we have a BETTER BARGAINING FORCE for our Raw Materials,some countries DESPERATELY ALSO NEED!
Look at EU-USA-India-China-Russia---ONLY Africa negotiates 54times!
UNITY, at least the STEPS to that STATUS, IS the ONLY WAY TO OUR SURVIVAL!!!!!
Failing the people has become the norm instead fulfilling promises to the people. Every single day that passes by without the implementation of fundamental ECOWAS protocols is an oceanic impression of failure which affect the ...
read full comment
for how many years would you wait to do right thing for your people? All the members said they want this for sooo many years.
WHAT IS ECOWAS? WE DON´T WANT OUR COUNTRY TO BE DESTROYED BY THIS TEMPTATION NDC PARTY. GHANA IS NOW FULL OF CRIMINALS FROM THOSE COUNTRY AROUND US. GHANAIANS NEED PROTECTION
The reason is simple: France will not like to wean off its 'babies', having brought them under the same Nazist regime that brought France to its knees during the 2nd World War. At that time, the whole economy of France belong ...
read full comment
My dear reader, do you know that in the early 70s all export receipts of Francophone Africa (excluding Guinea) belonged to France just because these countries were made to lodge all these earnings in the French treasury? Yes ...
read full comment
Call it the cedi. And include Cameroon in ecowas. How do these french speaking ecowas nations feel about a single.Ecowas currency? The measure of a nations productivity will depend. On its productivity levels, imports and exp ...
read full comment
Hmmmm!
When are we going to come with our own original plan.And stop following. when the wind blow we blow with it.Because the European went with single currency,all we doing is imitating the Europeans.When they form EU,we also ca ...
read full comment
Thank you.Even the Europeans are having problems with the single currency.
Single currency for ecowas countries is the only the way forward to rapid developement in west africa. Why this logic is beating these so-called leaders is frustrating. If the europeans can do it why not africans?
What is the state of African Union? We should stop the "copy" tactics and reason for once. Why do you think a single currency under Ecowas is the best idea? We are always copying the Europeans but are we advance like them? ...
read full comment
I don't think you understand what you are saying yourself. If I can explain in simple term for you: individual currency (as you say) will be competing with the dollar as an individual economy. Don't you think a combined econo ...
read full comment
I hope they are taking note of the trouble the EURO is going through. A currency without a central government to control it is bound to fail.
The US dollar is working because the states are under one central government in Wa ...
read full comment
WAT IS WRONG WITH BRUSSELS ALLOCATING CASH FOR THE VARIOUS EU NATIONS? ASINGLE CURRENCY ELIMINATES BOTTLENECKS LIKE CURRENCY PRODUCING COSTS, COUNTERFEITING ETC. THE ONUS IS MORE ON MANUFACTURING, PROPELLING PRODUCTION, SERVI ...
read full comment
Washington is controlling the dollar under one central government,yes. How many leaders under the Euro is Brussels controlling?
Until the Europeans have one central government to run Europe,the EURO and the people in the EUR ...
read full comment
U watch too much cnn news bullshit and refuse to use your common sense. Whatever you hear cnn etc is the direct opposite, Fyi. Moving forward, The British economy is not doing better than the euro but worse. If it was, they ...
read full comment
First of all I use common sense in everything I do,and second of all,the last time I watched CNN was in 2005 because I have more balanced media outlets elsewhere.
The UK is NOT the only country in Europe outside the EURO zon ...
read full comment
Dude, The UK economy is not doing any better either. Common sense alone should tell you that the euro is much stronger than the pound. It's simply getting shortered to gain more momentum and economy activity..like buying more ...
read full comment
Can you imagine the reaction of Nigerians within the ECOWAS not meeting their annual budget under the single currency?
Dats their problem if they don't balance their budget. The same rules apply to all so if naija fails to balance their budget. That means they are not being disciplined. They can seek help from ecowas, but it will.come with pe ...
read full comment
If single currency is such a good idea, why is the USA is in so much debt? Why is unemployment so rampant in EU countries? Do you really want unellected private individuals controlling your currency? Nooooo! Keeping your loca ...
read full comment
Ooooooh,I know someone somewhere will come to the rescue. Well done,Buddy.Exactly my point.
U are mad. Very soon the entire globe will be using 1 currency. It will begin with the g8 nations. Then they get everyone to buy into their currency. How will it work, u ask? Well, each national will get a certain amount per ...
read full comment
ECOWAS countries are too different economically for this to work.
WITH OUR AILING ECONOMY, THAT WILL BE OUR END. LEARN FROM THE EUROPEANS. THOSE COUNTRIES THAT DID NOT EMBRACE THE EURO ARE DOING FAR BETTER. WE SHOULD NOT ENTERTAIN THIS IDEA AT ALL.
Thank you, Bro! People should start using the box between their ears! I hope they seek truth from everyday facts.
No, that isn't true. Unity is always strength. Let's trade among ourselves and shift our business priorities to emerging economies like the East economic giants and Brazil with a common currency and see the result.
The sum of bad economies equals One Bad ECOWAS Economy. This is simple logic, folks.
You are very naive. Add 10 -1s and what will you get? A positive number
YOU WASTING YOUR AND OUR TIME HERE
ECOWAS IS A ROOT OF EVIL. IT MUST HAVE SAME IDENTITY CARD TO SIGNIFY NO DIFFERENCE.
The euro was created because a single currency offers many advantages and benefits over the previous situation where each Member State had its own currency. Not only are fluctuation risks and exchange costs eliminated and the ...
read full comment
UK NEVER JOINED(POUND) AND SEVERAL COUNTRYS LIKE GERMANY WANT OUT SO THEY DON'T SUPPORT GREECE'S FAILURE
This is rubbish. To use the same currency in West Africa whereby Nigerians can easily print their fake ones to deceive our market women. No way for this. Be wise!
Hell NO!. We cannot use the same currency with the Nigerians. That will be disastrous.
Single currency policy long over due.
Our leaders are not serious just bla bla
we are our own troubles, if PHD sense cant help, what stops us from using the common sense approach?
Why we ghanaians hate nigerians last time i checked their currency is stronger than ours the they also have a more stable currency with inflation at 8% all we can do is cry
SECURITY FIRST
Single currency is the basic fundamental.Before proceeding with any free border crossing and/or regional trading relationship, ECOWAS must attain a single currency in putting the ECOWAS regional memebers in an equilibrium sta ...
read full comment
THIS IS THE WAY for the Future! UNITY/Block Units and we have a BETTER BARGAINING FORCE for our Raw Materials,some countries DESPERATELY ALSO NEED!
Look at EU-USA-India-China-Russia---ONLY Africa negotiates 54times!
UNITY, ...
read full comment