You can reduce the tribal hustling by developing other regions.You live in the US and knows most Americans care about their economic interest not tribe.The One Ghana/Winner takes all system will lead to confrontation.The trib ... read full comment
You can reduce the tribal hustling by developing other regions.You live in the US and knows most Americans care about their economic interest not tribe.The One Ghana/Winner takes all system will lead to confrontation.The tribal card is just a means to get Politican/economic and social power in Africa.
NO NONSENSE 8 years ago
There was NO "Chase out Ewes and Gas."
It was "KILL Ewes and Gas with cutlasses"
There was NO "Chase out Ewes and Gas."
It was "KILL Ewes and Gas with cutlasses"
sam 8 years ago
what resulted in that kill ewes and gas. let's face fact and uproot this tribalism from our country. the politicians are using us to achieve their selfish aim. so be bold and call a spade aspade. Nii Lantey said that any one ... read full comment
what resulted in that kill ewes and gas. let's face fact and uproot this tribalism from our country. the politicians are using us to achieve their selfish aim. so be bold and call a spade aspade. Nii Lantey said that any one withakan name should not be allowed to register in odododiodio which was wrong in the same way as what Kennedy said. stop hidding behind politics or tribe and condem both utterances or act.
NO NONSENSE 8 years ago
The KILLING OF EWES & GAS by YEN-AKANFOUR was started in 1967!!!! Lt Arthur, Lt Yeboah, Lt Osei Poku actually went after Kotoka. Then they went to Burma Camp Juba Ridge and randomly selected Ewes. These Ewes have NOTHING to ... read full comment
The KILLING OF EWES & GAS by YEN-AKANFOUR was started in 1967!!!! Lt Arthur, Lt Yeboah, Lt Osei Poku actually went after Kotoka. Then they went to Burma Camp Juba Ridge and randomly selected Ewes. These Ewes have NOTHING to do in the NLC Government. This was Capt Borkloe and Capt Avevor. They were KILLED. Then they went after General Ankra who managed to escape into the sea. Kill Ewes and Gas ideology!!! All Akans in the NLC Govt were not even TOUCHED!!! Stop throwing sand into our eyes with big English words like "circumspect" etc. You think we are idiots?
C. Y. ANDY-K 8 years ago
Twum Boafo has said it as it is without mincing words. I have been saying it as it is for over two decades now. SO WHAT THE HECK WHEN THE SHITE HITS THE CEILING?
Having read a more accurate version of what Mrs Ativor repo ... read full comment
Twum Boafo has said it as it is without mincing words. I have been saying it as it is for over two decades now. SO WHAT THE HECK WHEN THE SHITE HITS THE CEILING?
Having read a more accurate version of what Mrs Ativor reportedly said, I agree 100% that it is simply hypocritical for anyone to come out to denounce her and ask her to apologise WITHOUT at first or ever condemning the ethnocentric utterances and actions of the NPP leaders and elements that gave grounds for her own utterance, which simply sought to benefit from the ethnocentric politics and actions of the NPP tradition when in power.
I myself had pointed out those things many times in articles. An anti-PNDC refugee, an Ewe himself, Dr Kodzi, even wrote a book in the early 1990s in which he pointed out the Anlos as the Ewes to be killed, in response to the rampant loose talk by some Akans that Ewes would be killed by them. That was long before Agyapong's loose talk a few years ago.
I had narrated and posted many times my own personal experiences in Nigeria with some of those would-be assassins. All of you pretending and insulting Ativor should therefore fcuk off! Hypocrites!
I welcome Manasseh's plead that we don't sweep the matter under the carpet but discuss it. I have been doing that since the early '90s. I have a 10-series continuation of my Ethnic Imbroglio waiting on ice for years now. I shall post the Part 1 here to refresh the memories of all and inform those who didn't read it before. First, another a refresher.
WILFULLY BLIND OR JUST PLAIN IGNORANCE?
I have been amused, and somehow puzzled, at the rumpus being raised about what crazed Agyapong said. But what I find surprising is the virtual hypocrisy and mendacious attempts to brush this issue under the carpet by some linked to the NPP as just a one off aberration. These people pretend or do not seem to know that Agyapong’s threats were not the first admonishing the killing of Ewes, something the readily available facts betray. Facts I have been referring to from 1994 in cyberspace, recounting my own personal experiences with some of those advocates of Ewe killers in Nigeria during the early years of the PNDC. Of course, I have not as yet told the full story. But as Fela said, “I no kpata de finish!”
Hmm! As I found out when I was insulted “basabasa” by a man who turned out to be one of my many uncles, (when I apparently misspoke on the hike in petrol prices in the 1993 budget, on a bus from Anloga to Dzelukope in 1993), - being mistaken for a Quashiga hireling who had joined the “Eblutorwo” (Akans) preparing to come and kill them - my people back home were fully prepared and waiting for the quislings to start the attacks; I was assured. That was long before anyone heard of Justice Kpega as a political pundit! Phew! Me, a die-hard Nkrumaist in league with NPP assassins, to go and kill my fellow Anlos? Well, after all, it was in Lome, an Ewe centrepiece city even if many are of Ga-Elmina(Anyi) extraction, that they first congregated and started those loose talks against Ewes, thus forcing most Ewes in exile opposed to the PNDC to abandon the opposition to the PNDC and the anti-Ewe bent it had taken. So, many of us Ewes knew about their evil intents a long time ago, as they were eating our akple and fetri detsi and planning it in our kinsmen homes! Hardly any of them knew that much of the land of Lome is owned by people from Aflao and environs. Ignorant morons come in all shapes, you know. They were lucky no one poisoned them in Lome.:-)
Equally, I have read opponents to Agyapong’s utterances, including some Ewes, made some false and misleading statements, which shows that they are ignorant of the facts of the origins of the ethnic imbroglio in Ghana, despite my persistent efforts and write-ups sketching that sordid history, from the pre-colonial to the post-independence era. I read someone situated in the 1979 elections period Victor Owusu’s scathing attacks on Ewes as “inward-looking” during the exchanges with Dr Agama in Parliament after the Apollo 586 sacking of mostly Ewes by the Busia regime! How come?!
Ignorance and superstition are recognised as key cogs in the vicious cycle of backwardness that is our lot as developing people but the extent most so-called educated Ghanaians wallow in these two inhibiting traits is just stupendous and disheartening!
Many try to claim that Rawlings introduced tribalism into Ghana by employing predominantly Ewes into sensitive public posts, especially the security sector; whereas the same claims of Ewe domination of posts had already been used effectively against Gbedema’s NAL by Busia’s Progress Party during the 1969 General Elections, as I had quoted from Dennis Austen to show but something all grown-ups at the time knew about. It was therefore unfortunate that the late Prof Adu Boahen, as a historian who knew or ought to know better, fed into these fabrications of Ewe dominance, creating his own when he reportedly claimed in a British Council lecture in 1988 that Prof. Akilagpa Sawyerr, a Ga who was given the VC post which he thought he deserved at the time, was an Ewe; and promised in his interview granted to Mahoney and his Africa Watch magazine to redress the presumed ethnic disparity when the NPP was elected into office. To me and many discerning Ewes, especially the Ewe elite, it was all déjà vu. But I was still surprised to find out that some decade long opponents of the PNDC voted for the NDC in 1992! It would not even surprise me if someone who knew Justice Kpegah’s political views very well in the 1980s came out to say that he was an arch-enemy of the PNDC in the Bar Association. I was visiting Ho in 1990 when the people of the VR angrily rejected the no party idea that the PNDC was then lobbying for, effectively halting the campaign for it. Those in BA had already voted yes.
Yes! The NPP had itself to blame for their dismal reception in the VR, as they lost the plot with their tribal agenda reminiscent of the 1969 campaign. In Accra, they lost a lot of Ga support when the same Prof Adu Boahen at a rally, in trying to whip the anti-Ewe venom made that gaffe about Gas being pushed by the PNDC to be sleeping 10 persons to a room, besides many of the main speakers speaking in Twi which pissed off the Gas! In 2000, they (NPP) won simply because of JJ’s unwholesome Swedru Declaration and the disrespectful Obed Asamoah led attempts to impose sitting candidates on their constituents, which nearly got him beaten at Dzelukope/Keta. My own Anlo Constituency elected an independent MP though linked to the NDC too, having rejected the NDC official candidate Rtd Captain Sowu.
Fact is, I have been aware, just as many other people, since the early 1980s of various threats by some Akans opposed to the PNDC to have Ewes killed and had written about that many, many times on Okyeame and SIL. Perhaps, adding Gas to those to be killed is just the new dimension added by Agyapong, since it appeared, this time, the Gas, in Agyapong's warped mind, had acted in prosecuting the "Ewe agenda" by beating up Ursula on behalf of the Ewes! Well, warped minds think in strange, circular terms!
After all, the threats were so opened and so rampant that one Ewe, the late Dr Kodzi who died here in London in exile, pointed out the "Anlos” in his own virulently anti-Rawlings/ PNDC book, "Ghana: Worse than Apartheid S. Africa," as the Ewes to be killed, for being the culprits of the complaints and angst of the Akans! That was long before anyone heard of Kwame Okoampa-Ahoofe and his renewed “war” on “Anlo-Ewes,” a war his ancestor joined the Akyem Gen. Dompey to fight in "Krepi" against the Asantes and lost way back in the 1860s and got stranded there, lucky enough not to have been killed like others. That’s another story I had re-told elsewhere and needs a re-visit soon in order to let the populace know what makes bozos like Ahoofe tick. For a man, (I mean Dr Kodzi, not the jerk Ahoofe) who, due to his sterling stewardship when in charge of the Keta Govt Hospital, was much beloved by the so-called Anlo-Ewes, regarded as an hononary Anlo and entrusted with pouring the libation at the Hogbeza celebration of the Noviha association here in London, that was something to write! How could he be sure that the would-be killers would not mistake him for an Anlo man, in spite of the pain he took to identify the other Ewe groups in his book? Well, the failure of the so-called Ewe elite - academic and traditional and the political - to deal rationally with this animus against Ewes is itself an intra-Ewe shambolic intellectual failure I shall deal with by and by. I have right here on my table the rantings of some other Ewes from northern Eweland based in the UK, (Ewedome as we Anlos refer to the area referred to by Europeans as Krepi), against the PNDC and Anlos in particular which I have not even as yet dealt with in my writings.
I must, however, make exception here, as Prof. Kofi Awoonor’s much distorted and maligned prison book (in league with Soyinka’s The Man Died) is probably the first book by a Ghanaian which tried to explain the tribal imbroglio and to point the way forward. His only mistake was that he fell prey to the standard Western simplistic, linear and reductionist methodology of reducing what is without doubt a complex articulation of interests and forces which cut across the ethnic divide with people from all ethnic groups found in both or all contesting camps for political ascendancy, or “hegemony”, as he put it, in Ghana. So, for instance, those who imprisoned him for helping Brig. Kattah to escape to Togo were not only “Akans/Asantes” but included Ewes, Gas, Gonjas, etc., as Kutu’s NRC comprised a cross-section of Ghanaian ethnic groups.
You have to be wilfully blind or totally ignorant of what has been happening in the opposition to the P/NDC camp in order to claim today that you are not aware of talk of and even attempts to foment what would have become an ethnic war in Ghana prior to 1992. I personally had to intervene and quelled a serious fracas on Okyeame between two well known non-Ewes when the “brave Asantes” were queried again by a non-Asante why they could not deal with the apparently Ewe P/NDC which allegedly committed atrocities on they Akans only, I suppose. I bet many can remember J.H Mensah's arrest in America for allegedly attempting to buy weapons to prosecute their “liberation war” to get their country back. It is no wonder the NPP gurus, many of whom shared in those nefarious ideas, talked about it, plotted to carry it, etc., are finding it very hard to distance themselves from this public utterance of it again. How can they desert their fellow journey man, without being double hypocrites? At least, there must be some honour among thieves (and tribal bigots, if we may add).
There are many questions to ask and many issues to take up. Had my PC not kaput and eventually leading to the loss of a huge part of what I had painstakingly written with references while in Norway with additions in London, my intended book taking up those issues would have been out years ago.
Incidentally, my next intended article after writing "How Some "Ewes" Became a Part of Ghana" is titled "Who Are the Ewes". It is just a revisit to my first ever post to a cyber forum in early 1994, Okyeame precisely, which Azar should remember so well, as in spite of my providing a reference, he still challenged me to give that! It was sent as my contribution, incidentally, to another NPP instigated scare against poor but hard working Ewe and Ada fishing cum farming pioneers (won't call them settlers) displaced by the effects of the Akosombo Dam on the neglected downstream people who opened up the mosquito infested and disease-ridden Afram Plains. The claim was that the NDC wanted to carve a district for them there and thereby claim the land for them! Wives and children were hastily sent home in order to keep them out of harm’s way in the event of attacks on the communities. That was when I decided not to sit any longer on the fence, just like the majority of my fellow educated Ewes, who think responding to such attacks on Ewes is beneath them, since madmen, "dzimakplawo" and "gbemelawo" were responsible! That was the common “wisdom” repeated by Rawlings at Tsiame, when he was queried by the worried chiefs and people about the ongoing Ewe demonization in the opposition media and political platforms in the ‘90s.
Gratuitous counter abuse, especially directed at Asantes ad nauseam, is not the way to tackle the issues, as some are presently doing on Ghanaweb. In the ‘90s, the Ghanaian stage was left to a novice like Komla Dumor to deal with on JoyFM with his “Ayigbe Jokes” series, which horrified and mortified me when I first listened to it online in 1997 or so. A programme like that would have found him and JoyFM foul of the Anti-Vilification Laws of any of the Western Europe countries and sanctioned appropriately. I doubt though whether half of our “honourable” MPs have heard of such a law, but that is the way we must go and huge revision of the school curricula. But that calls for another article.
Well, simply, many do not know how to deal with the madmen who repeatedly take their loins cloth while in the bath house! I know how! After all, I know the story of how the Anloga man dealt with the mad man of Tegbi and remained sane; the mad man who used to way lay the “asisiawo” - the market women - from the Keta market with a club and the question: axor a ava lo, alo axor a ekpo?, i.e., do you want penis or do you want club? And one day he raped and killed the heavily pregnant wife of the Anloga man. Of course, it is a taboo to deal with mad men in our society, but he did and nothing untoward ever happened to him afterwards.
Ahoofe and his ilk’s tribalistic insults directed at “Anlo-Ewes” in particular and Agyapong's call to mayhem can be placed in perspective if you are informed about their origins. They used the tribal card so well in 1969 and think they can continue using it forever. No! Some of us decided long ago that ourselves and children shall not remain objects of demonization and vilification for the political objectives of some people who are still suffering from the mental “warpedness” that the slave trade had foisted on their ancestors. We shall therefore make sure that these appeal to ethnic differences backfire big time on their stupid faces!
I am therefore re-sending and shall continue re-posting this short piece I had put together especially for the readership of Ghanaweb and shall continue with my series on the Ethnic imbroglio in Ghana. Agyapong's outburst is simply the tip of the canker that permeates our body politic that must be dealt with at its roots. They are not the only Akans who suffer from what I have dubbed “Ewe angst and fears”, which afflict the generality of Akans due to how they are weaned and socialised. What do you expect from people who, as kids, are frightened to drink their Mist Alba, behave themselves or go to bed early with the Ewe bogeyman imagery?
Andy C. Y. Kwawukume
cyandyk@ymail.com
London
THE ETHNIC IMBROGLIO IN GHANA: THE ORIGINS, PART 1
The tribal imbroglio, rather than starting in recent times, has been brewing for a long, long while now. In fact, the roots of the prejudices and the insults we see some raining on others date back to pre-colonial times. So, any attempt to understand the worrying phenomenon must address the canker from that era. That is what I intend to do, with special focus on the apparent cleavage between Ewes and Akans (and any others). But now, I’d begin with the colonial times. When you hear the cry of lamentation:
Dza le le leeeeeee!
Me zu kluvi
The road to Kontsiabu
Strewn with gold dusts.
Only those without
in their eyes gold dusts
felt the pangs of hunger and thirst…
then you’d know that the time to narrate the doleful tales of the pre-colonial era, where it all began, has arrived; but you’d get a glimpse now.
Not to waste time apportioning blame, the Akans (and Gas, if I may add them), started these tribal abuse and attacks on Ewes many decades ago; nay, centuries back, as I said earlier. But as mentioned above, I won't delve as yet into the pre-colonial times when it was free for all, with even some Ewe states joining in marauding and plundering other Ewe states for the slave markets of the Gold Coast. I had indeed provided a write up on that sordid era on Ghanaweb’s SIL in the 1990s, which is available. One German businessman with biz connections to Ghana who used to read the nonsense on SIL wrote a private mail to me saying that he was always wondering why Africans sold each other into slavery to Europeans and Arabs; reading my detailed historical account enlightened him on how and why it happened for the first time. That story must be re-told all over Africa in other to understand the roots of the conflicts that bedevilled the continent after independence.
In Ghana, the colonial times modern version started after the WW1 when Anlo, Tongu and Peki migrants from within the Gold Coast and those from the newly acquired TVT from the Germans started moving to the Akan and Ga areas to either fish, farm or seek paid employment. Ewes from Togo and Benin Republic (Dahomey) escaping from French repressive rule came later. Some Ewes, esp. the educated ones, also got jobs with the commercial houses and the colonial administration. Some, such as Gbedema and Nkulenu, started their own private businesses. Soon, they were becoming prosperous in their chosen fields and/or rising up in the ranks wherever they were employed due to the usual hard working nature of most migrants. After all, the far superior German missionary vocational educational set up, compared to the British, had equipped them much better with skills in the crafts and building, such as carpentry and masonry, which were in much demand by the colonial authority and the other natives of the Gold Coast and Asante. That was when trouble began and the attacks started, as far back as the 1930s.
Below is a brief quote from S. Greene about how the Fantes started perceiving Anlo-Ewe fisher folk; a perception or prejudice which is not much different from what permeates the Akan ethnic group as a whole up to today (not only a few bigots on Ghanaweb). Ewes find out to our chagrin or amusement, often as a kid, that that was how our fellow country men and women perceive us. The encounter is therefore a personal story too.
Not much has changed in the prejudiced minds of too many Akans, as we daily witness on Ghanaweb, even though many too have developed over the years an obsession or desire to marry Ewe girls, failure which often brought in its wake stories of tribalism heaped against Ewes. As I told some Akan teacher colleagues in Nigeria, it was the scary and “irrational” Akan “wofa” (uncle) inheritance system, stupid! Horrible stories of how Ewe widows were in particular dispossessed and treated shabbily were enough to dissuade any idea of marriage to even a most love besotted Akan man! It is no wonder that, with the interstate law of inheritance in place, marriage to Akan men has been on the increase.
I know an Ewe from the Peki area who swore that it’d never be possible to change the jaundiced perception of Akans of Ewes from his own experiences attending Mpraeso Teacher Training College, and then teaching at Mpraeso and in Kumasi. He said one particular woman - a cook in the school - they used to go to church with wouldn’t believe that he did not have any “akpeledzi” under their bed! I said it was possible and gave an example of my own experiences in Nigeria. I managed to convince my fellow Akan teachers that I don’t indulge nor believe in those things - juju or voodoo or even any god (white or black), and wouldn’t drink “ogogoro” with them – when there is original Gordon’s gin and lime cordial to have – and they somehow lost some “respect”, (or was it fear?) for me. They’d say I wasn’t a proper Anloman and fool around with me!
Between 1982-4, when their Anti-Ewe diatribes had reached fever point and they were advocating massacring Ewes as done to the Ibos in Nigeria who they claimed were also allegedly dominating Nigeria in the 1960s, I thought of putting some fear into them by creating some “kporsi” (“see-and-run”) to scare them. Fact is, practically every smart Ewe knows how to scare Akans and Gas even though they don’t have “foko” (anything), as we say in Anlo but I will keep that out of this write up. Good I didn’t do so, otherwise they’d be giving testimonies up to today about what an Anlo teacher did to them in Nigeria – they’d have packed out and run from their rooms on the ground floor of the storey building we were hiring. I “protected” myself practically by chocking the door handle with a chair, as I had seen in movies, before I went to bed, in order to prevent them from making me the first casualty of their let-us-kill-Ewes mania! Funny some of them even became staunch PNDC supporters, only to change their minds again years later when I met some on a visit to Ghana.
Anyway, enough with the digression into the personal narrative and to Sandra Greene.
From p.148 of Sandra Greene I quote:
"Increased Anlo identification with their northern Ewe-speaking neighbours may have also been enhanced by the experience many had while participating in migrant fishing. After World War I, numerous groups of Anlo men and women traveled to other coastal areas, including the Fante area of the Gold Coast, in order to pursue their commercial fishing activities. For many, this was probably the first time they had traveled outside their home area, and/or to a district where they were a distinct linguistic minority. In these locations, they conducted themselves as they had in their own home villages, but those among whom they come to live - often temporarily, just for the fishing season - came to view the Anlos' prosperity with jealousy and suspicion. Stories circulated that associated the Anlo with "blood-curdling" crimes. R.W. Wyllie indicates, for example, that from at least the 1930s "Fanti [children] learned to view the Anlos as thieves, kidnappers, sorcerers, and ritual murderers." The social tensions that accompany these beliefs - and the very fact that these beliefs were held by a non-Ewe speaking people - must have heightened the Anlo's awareness of their linguistic and cultural background and generated some sense of identification with their Ewe-speaking peoples whom they would have encountered in the Gold Coast."
The encounter with the Gold Coasters was enough to turn any Ewe into a paranoid schizophrenic, developed a siege mentality (become “inward-looking”?) and very resentful towards any idea of union with the Gold Coast, not to mention marry an Akan.
As some of you know, the Anlo area through Tongu to the Peki area had been part of the Gold Coast colony proper, effectively from 1874 though the British “bought” and claimed the area from the Danes in 1850; hence the freedom to move to other parts of the Gold Coast and Asante later. Besides, many southern Ewes are descendants Ga-Adangbe, Elmina and Denkyira fugitives dating back respectively to 1687 when the Akwamus first thrashed the Gas for cutting the “bolobolo” (foreskin) of their prince sent to the Ga Mantse Okai Koi’s court to understudy courtship, and 1700, when the Asantes defeated the Denkyiras and took over Elmina from the Denkyiras. Going back to Ge (Accra) and Sima (Shama) with their new kinsmen was just like returning to the ancestors' land. In fact, it was the descendants of those fugitives who were the first migrants, having maintained links with their ancestral lands during their long period in exile. Reindorf had written about that back and forth movement among the Ga fugitives long ago. That’s how Osu-Anecho came to be founded and how all Ewes got the derogatory epithet “Ayigbe” (Ayi refuse), whether they were descendants of fugitives or not. The “dzulor” bit the Gas added originally referred to the Okai Koi stool regalia which the Ga-Ewes in Togo refused to return to Accra and still claim to be its protectors. Remember the trips with pre-colonial undertones their chiefs made to Ghana when the NPP took over power in 2000?
I can make long comments on the above quote but suffice it to say that it was the beginning and end of the love affair which started as unification with the Gold Coast movement ending up as the drive to secede from the Gold Coast. So we read from the December 6, 1919 edition of the West Africa magazine a letter sent to the colonial government of the Gold Coast:
“We PEOPLE of Togoland, descended from two principal countries, Elmina
(Ane) and Accra (Ge), both of the Gold Coast Colony, ask to have British government because it is the government of our fathers, whose customs are our customs, and a British Colony is half-an-hour distant from us.
We ask to have British government because it is the government of our kith and kin, our race and our tribe.
We ask for British government because of our relationship with our people on the west, which must assert itself..” (culled from West Africa 12-16 Dec. 1994)
And so on it went. One may wonder why the petitioners did not even acknowledge the Ewes, Dagombas, Konkombas, Akans and the host of other ethnic and tribal groups in Togo who also have their “kith and kin” within the Gold Coast and the Northern Territories. I guess this piece of history may come as a surprise to the ingrates who make a living of always reminding us that Ewes come from Togo, some of whom carried a video to Lome to trace the roots of Fiifii Kwetey there, instead of doing so in Accra! Well, he said he was from Nogokpo, which rubbed a sore spot for me, but that’s another story.
THE EWE BACKLASH
By the 1940s, Ewes, Anlos in particular, in the Gold Coast had had enough of the vilification and undeserved demonisation their successes were arousing. The returnee Anes (Anyis) and Ges (Gas), now fused as the Genyis through intermarriages, as Anlos refer to them, also soon discovered that they were not welcome, or often welcomed with shouts of “Ayigbe dzulor”! Disenchantment set in and secession from Ghana became a far better option. The result was the 1956 plebiscite and the rest is history.
Then comes the post Feb 24 1966 coup era, when Busia and his PP turned this traditional vilification of Ewes into a political tool to win the 1969 general elections. It was preceded by an internal struggle within the NLC to share the spoils of office after the coup. An extended quote from Dennis Austin, that great chronicler of Ghana history, captures the gist of it, so here we go:
“A surprising and disagreeable novelty of the election was the extraordinary anti-Ewe sentiment that was expressed in conversation with many of those who were against Gbedemah and his party. One can explain this strong animus not simply by a dislike of Gbedema’s reappearance in political life but in relations to events after the 1966 coup. Suddenly there were the soldiers and the police, and everyone burst out singing, but when the music died down away it was noticed that the NLC (it seemed) was commanded by minorities: Ewe and Ga. When Ankrah (a Ga), was moved out, and charges were brought over-hastily by Harlley against the Chief of Defence Staff, Michael Otu, the evidence to many was overwhelming. It was all an Ewe plot. Soon Ghana would be run for the benefit of an energetic minority, operating first within the armed forces, and now behind Gbedemah. ‘Appoint an Ewe to a public corporation or to a government department and within a year the entire hierarchy down to the messenger will be an Ewe.’ So the argument ran. And there was always some evidence for it, since the Ewe, deprived of any natural wealth in their own barren region, have been energetic in seizing the opportunities of public employment, including positions in the army and the police, which wealthier communities (like the Akan) did not wish to occupy. In practice, looking through the list of senior officers in government department and the public corporations, the evidence is certainly not clear of any Ewe domination: it could hardly be in view of their number. But a belief does not, of course, have to be true before people hold it fervently.
Now there is an Akan-dominated government of an Akan dominated society. Were I to become, by some improbable chance of fate, leader of the governing party I would be much less apprehensive of my Ewe opponents in front than of the large and expectant following behind. I would be fearful too of the ambitions of those now excluded from power, remembering the Songs of Innocence that:
The strongest poison ever known
Came from Caeser’s laurel crown” (D. Austin 1976:125)
Austin was writing with hindsight about what befell Busia’s regime, overthrown in a coup led by an Asante.
In Part 2, I intend to examine the hate campaign against the Ewes and the consequences or reactions from the 1970s which led to Kofi Awoonor’s infamous prison book, The Ghana Revolution, which he claimed he wrote in prison when gaoled for helping Brig. Kattah to escape from Ghana. It’d be necessary to focus on the Ghana Army, from its origins and recruitment trends since it is at the crux of the matter.
.
Andy C.Y. Kwawukume, better known as C.Y. Andy-K, is a freethinker, Pan-Africanist and an ardent Nkrumaist.
cyandyk@ymail.com
References:
Dennis Austin (1976): Ghana Observed: Essays on the Politics of a W. African Republic.
Manchester Univ. Press.
Sandra E. Greene (1995): Gender, Ethnicity, and Social Change on the Upper Slave
Coast: A History of the Anlo-Ewe. Heinemann and James Currey
Robert W. Wyllie. “Migrant Anlo Fishing Companies and Socio-Political Change: A
Comparative Study.” Africa, XXXIX, 4 (1969), 396-410.
C. Y. ANDY-K 8 years ago
Indeed, Arthur K is a liar like most of them.
He cited Kofi Awoonor's book first published in 1984 as a book used by Rawlings to launch his alleged, but nothing more than concocted, selective attacks on Akans and their bus ... read full comment
Indeed, Arthur K is a liar like most of them.
He cited Kofi Awoonor's book first published in 1984 as a book used by Rawlings to launch his alleged, but nothing more than concocted, selective attacks on Akans and their businesses. A book that was published after the worst excesses of the PNDC period were over when those responsible were chased out of the country or imprisoned and some even executed, including some close friends of JJ himself???
As my posted long essay clearly shows, some of us know better than the Arthur Ks of this world and we shall say it as it is for the whole world to read the truth behind the ethnic bigotry of the majority of Akans against fellow Ghanaians.
Andy-K
Obuama 8 years ago
This is what is expected of political leaders and academics - level thinking and standing up for the truth. I salute you Dr Kennedy!
This is what is expected of political leaders and academics - level thinking and standing up for the truth. I salute you Dr Kennedy!
Sampson 8 years ago
Arthur Kennedy is a foolish liar. The Akans mpp did not say Chase out the Ewes and the Gas. The call was to exterminate them like the Nazis did to the Jews and especially the Ewes. Arthur's Kennedy is a big disgrace. Why did ... read full comment
Arthur Kennedy is a foolish liar. The Akans mpp did not say Chase out the Ewes and the Gas. The call was to exterminate them like the Nazis did to the Jews and especially the Ewes. Arthur's Kennedy is a big disgrace. Why did he fall short of mentioning the famous all die be die. Why the silence on Yen Akanfour. Kenne, as an Ewe, I swear that these uncircumcised primitive Asante/ Akyems are nothing in this country but zabora/ cabbage as the people of the Basque region of Spain would say. The fake men of God are not God and can not make a useless fake and a wee smoking Nana Addo a president in this country.He will never be president period. We the people of the volta region are fully behind madam Attivor. Shame on you Arthur Kennedy. Tell Ghanaians what you can do better than the intimidations. We don't care if 90% of resources come from your region. Foolish clowns.
Kwame 8 years ago
Arthur Kennedy you forgot the past because in 1969 Kufuor was a minister in the PP regime led by Kofi Abrefa Busia and Edward Akuffo-Addo, Nana Akufo-Addo's father was the ceremonial president then when 568 Ewhes were dismiss ... read full comment
Arthur Kennedy you forgot the past because in 1969 Kufuor was a minister in the PP regime led by Kofi Abrefa Busia and Edward Akuffo-Addo, Nana Akufo-Addo's father was the ceremonial president then when 568 Ewhes were dismissed from the civil service. In 2001 Kufuor dismissed scores of Ewhes again and imprisoned others. Arthur Kennedy, it was the same NPP judges who sat on cases and imprisoned NDC and PNC members most the majority being Ewhes. From January, 2009 to date the same NPP judges did not sentence a single NPP minister for the same offense. In one of the cases we were told a law can not be enacted, that will take retrospective effect. But in the case Tsatsu Tsikata and the state the same judges said that a law that is enacted must take retrospective effect.
Arthur Kennedy you have been caught in this bait into such extend that you can not pretend that you are a none-tribal being.
MARCUS AMPADU 8 years ago
Guys you can't deny that there is no feud amongst Asantefuo, Ayigbefuo, Mpepefuo, and Okyenni. Their behaviors have been toxic to governing our nation; mainly because of miseducation by our governments over the years. Not mak ... read full comment
Guys you can't deny that there is no feud amongst Asantefuo, Ayigbefuo, Mpepefuo, and Okyenni. Their behaviors have been toxic to governing our nation; mainly because of miseducation by our governments over the years. Not making conscious effort that all Ghanaians are one people with a common aspiration.
We should go out of our way to arrest this potentially destabilizing canker in our society before we lose it all.
Kwame Joe 8 years ago
Can you imagine, when my daughter got married to a guy from Sogakopke, my sister, Okwawuni like myself, asked me all worried, "why did you allow my niece to marry saa Ayigbenin no, don't you know they are inward-looking peopl ... read full comment
Can you imagine, when my daughter got married to a guy from Sogakopke, my sister, Okwawuni like myself, asked me all worried, "why did you allow my niece to marry saa Ayigbenin no, don't you know they are inward-looking people, they speak Ayigbe only to their fellow Ayigbefuo all the time. I pity your daughter," she said convincingly.
I was left speechless.
NO NONSENSE 8 years ago
Some of these folks from certain parts of Ghana have a problem with truth. They hate to take RESPONSIBILITY. They will twist the truth. When caught in a lie, they will wiggle out of it like skillful lawyers. They will DO a ... read full comment
Some of these folks from certain parts of Ghana have a problem with truth. They hate to take RESPONSIBILITY. They will twist the truth. When caught in a lie, they will wiggle out of it like skillful lawyers. They will DO anything to DENY ANYTHING. When it suits them, they will say "Yen Akanfuor", when it does NOT suit them, they say "Brong People killed Kotoka"
YOOMOBEGA 8 years ago
Guys you can't deny that there is no feud amongst Asantefuo, Ayigbefuo, Mpepefuo, and Okyenni. Their behaviors have been toxic to governing our nation; mainly because of miseducation by our governments over the years. Not mak ... read full comment
Guys you can't deny that there is no feud amongst Asantefuo, Ayigbefuo, Mpepefuo, and Okyenni. Their behaviors have been toxic to governing our nation; mainly because of miseducation by our governments over the years. Not making conscious effort that all Ghanaians are one people with a common aspiration.
We should go out of our way to arrest this potentially destabilizing canker in our society before we lose it all.
Myself 8 years ago
you are indeed a very fair minded person, those accusing you do not understand that a single article cannot be able to document all the tribal occurrences in Ghana, all you did was a summary but fair to the point.
One of t ... read full comment
you are indeed a very fair minded person, those accusing you do not understand that a single article cannot be able to document all the tribal occurrences in Ghana, all you did was a summary but fair to the point.
One of the only fair minded NPP guys I wouldn't mind voting for or supporting one day. You are a million miles ahead of the like of Okoampa Ahoofe. God bless you Bro.
samson 8 years ago
Brilliant as ever, Arthur. One point of contention though. Nana Akuffo-Addo's statement 'Yen Akanfuo' is tribalistic, isn't it? So Rawlings was wrong in his assessment of Nana's tribalistic credentials.
Brilliant as ever, Arthur. One point of contention though. Nana Akuffo-Addo's statement 'Yen Akanfuo' is tribalistic, isn't it? So Rawlings was wrong in his assessment of Nana's tribalistic credentials.
Anwona Kanjaga 8 years ago
I wish I am resourceful enough to fly all our politicians to visit the Skull Museum in Luanda where one million heads are piled up for viewing as a result of the Hutu-Tutse war a ramification of ethnic conflicts arising from ... read full comment
I wish I am resourceful enough to fly all our politicians to visit the Skull Museum in Luanda where one million heads are piled up for viewing as a result of the Hutu-Tutse war a ramification of ethnic conflicts arising from politics
neropraise 8 years ago
Let's continue playing ostrich.... There is no tribalism in GH politics...yooooo
Let's continue playing ostrich.... There is no tribalism in GH politics...yooooo
NO NONSENSE 8 years ago
That monkey Okoampa is here engineering , scheming and beating tribal WAR DRUMS everyday
The problem is SOME Asantes!!!.
Ewes get along with Gas, Fantes, Northerners. Can Asantes say the same?
That monkey Okoampa is here engineering , scheming and beating tribal WAR DRUMS everyday
The problem is SOME Asantes!!!.
Ewes get along with Gas, Fantes, Northerners. Can Asantes say the same?
v.bowe 8 years ago
TRIBALISM. MMMMM. BY THE WAY ASANTES ALSO GET ALONG WITH FRAFRAS, WANGARA MOSI, NZEMA AND EVEN DAGOMBAS(TRADITIONALLY). LETS PREACH UNITY NOT DIVISIVENESS.
TRIBALISM. MMMMM. BY THE WAY ASANTES ALSO GET ALONG WITH FRAFRAS, WANGARA MOSI, NZEMA AND EVEN DAGOMBAS(TRADITIONALLY). LETS PREACH UNITY NOT DIVISIVENESS.
Kwame Joe 8 years ago
NO NONSENSE, for your information, Ahhofe-Okoampah is not an Asantenin, he is Okyenni, from Asiakwa.
NO NONSENSE, for your information, Ahhofe-Okoampah is not an Asantenin, he is Okyenni, from Asiakwa.
cat 8 years ago
So, this is all you can say about a thief who wants her party to remain in power so she can escape justice. How many ewes and northerners are chief executives in other regions and how is e reverse possible? Now we live in a c ... read full comment
So, this is all you can say about a thief who wants her party to remain in power so she can escape justice. How many ewes and northerners are chief executives in other regions and how is e reverse possible? Now we live in a country where certain state institutions are no go areas for certain tribes/regions in terms of seeking employment. Scholarships are now the preserve of certain tribes/regions. All is good now but when there's change and plans are set to right the wrongs, then the tribal card is played by those who are enjoying now.
KKO 8 years ago
Arthur Kennedy,
As usual, you have been disingenuous as you pick and choose so you can get at the NPP, and by implication, Nana Akufo-Addo, with your treachery!
The remark that Victor Owusu made in Parliament in 1969 w ... read full comment
Arthur Kennedy,
As usual, you have been disingenuous as you pick and choose so you can get at the NPP, and by implication, Nana Akufo-Addo, with your treachery!
The remark that Victor Owusu made in Parliament in 1969 which the people of the Volta Region have used against the Danquah-Busia-Dombo tradition was in reaction to constant harassment by Dr Agama. Where else in Ghana do voters consistently vote “95% for our party?”
Ewe tribalism in Ghanaian politics is a well-known fact. Jerry Rawlings solidified it with the persecution of Akan, and particularly, Asante businessmen and women.
Osoafo-Maafo’s comment, distasteful as it was, was at a private family gathering, and but for the treachery of people like you, will never have seen the light of day. Politicians on both sides, say things like that all the time. Chiefs in the Volta and Brong Ahafo regions have been making such divisive comments.
Jerry Rawlings made those unprovoked comments in public, and so did Mrs Ativor.
The references you made about Kennedy Agyepong and Nana, were all in reaction to ongoing issues.
We certainly have a problem in our country, and as the people of Liverpool have recently demonstrated in the United Kingdom what we need to do is to face the problem with honesty and openness, no matter whose goat is being gored. The only reason why we as a nation have not gone the way of the rest of Africa, so far, is because of the tolerance of the majority Akan, and particularly the Asante who have been at the butt of some of the worst excesses of the ethnocentric noesense in our politics.
MARCUS AMPADU 8 years ago
KKO, I hope you understand this proverb:
Eny3, wonkoto ntwene a, wommfa mma efie. In other words:
Ens3 s3 Ade bone biara tena efie.
Trying it in English:
A useless thing should not be kept in a house.
KKO we definitely a ... read full comment
KKO, I hope you understand this proverb:
Eny3, wonkoto ntwene a, wommfa mma efie. In other words:
Ens3 s3 Ade bone biara tena efie.
Trying it in English:
A useless thing should not be kept in a house.
KKO we definitely are harboring lots of ethnocentric nonsense in our common efie called Ghana, just because some ethnic group feel they are superior to other groups.
Myself 8 years ago
Mr Marcus I think the issue goes beyond ethnic superiority and that feeling is exactly what Osafo Marfo talked about..the feeling that "we" are the majority and our lands hold most of the resources of the land hence leadershi ... read full comment
Mr Marcus I think the issue goes beyond ethnic superiority and that feeling is exactly what Osafo Marfo talked about..the feeling that "we" are the majority and our lands hold most of the resources of the land hence leadership must always be in our hands, anything short of that must not be not accepted. And those who oppose this very idea are hated and seen as enemies.
MARCUS AMPADU 8 years ago
Thanks for your quick feedback myself, but read my previous comment:
"It Just Doesn't Happen Folks".
Peace
Thanks for your quick feedback myself, but read my previous comment:
"It Just Doesn't Happen Folks".
Peace
asuo 8 years ago
wow!!!! you could not even mention Akuffo Addo by name. Rawlings, Kuffour, NPP flagbearer. That is what we used to call 'ayaaka'
wow!!!! you could not even mention Akuffo Addo by name. Rawlings, Kuffour, NPP flagbearer. That is what we used to call 'ayaaka'
You can reduce the tribal hustling by developing other regions.You live in the US and knows most Americans care about their economic interest not tribe.The One Ghana/Winner takes all system will lead to confrontation.The trib ...
read full comment
There was NO "Chase out Ewes and Gas."
It was "KILL Ewes and Gas with cutlasses"
what resulted in that kill ewes and gas. let's face fact and uproot this tribalism from our country. the politicians are using us to achieve their selfish aim. so be bold and call a spade aspade. Nii Lantey said that any one ...
read full comment
The KILLING OF EWES & GAS by YEN-AKANFOUR was started in 1967!!!! Lt Arthur, Lt Yeboah, Lt Osei Poku actually went after Kotoka. Then they went to Burma Camp Juba Ridge and randomly selected Ewes. These Ewes have NOTHING to ...
read full comment
Twum Boafo has said it as it is without mincing words. I have been saying it as it is for over two decades now. SO WHAT THE HECK WHEN THE SHITE HITS THE CEILING?
Having read a more accurate version of what Mrs Ativor repo ...
read full comment
Indeed, Arthur K is a liar like most of them.
He cited Kofi Awoonor's book first published in 1984 as a book used by Rawlings to launch his alleged, but nothing more than concocted, selective attacks on Akans and their bus ...
read full comment
This is what is expected of political leaders and academics - level thinking and standing up for the truth. I salute you Dr Kennedy!
Arthur Kennedy is a foolish liar. The Akans mpp did not say Chase out the Ewes and the Gas. The call was to exterminate them like the Nazis did to the Jews and especially the Ewes. Arthur's Kennedy is a big disgrace. Why did ...
read full comment
Arthur Kennedy you forgot the past because in 1969 Kufuor was a minister in the PP regime led by Kofi Abrefa Busia and Edward Akuffo-Addo, Nana Akufo-Addo's father was the ceremonial president then when 568 Ewhes were dismiss ...
read full comment
Guys you can't deny that there is no feud amongst Asantefuo, Ayigbefuo, Mpepefuo, and Okyenni. Their behaviors have been toxic to governing our nation; mainly because of miseducation by our governments over the years. Not mak ...
read full comment
Can you imagine, when my daughter got married to a guy from Sogakopke, my sister, Okwawuni like myself, asked me all worried, "why did you allow my niece to marry saa Ayigbenin no, don't you know they are inward-looking peopl ...
read full comment
Some of these folks from certain parts of Ghana have a problem with truth. They hate to take RESPONSIBILITY. They will twist the truth. When caught in a lie, they will wiggle out of it like skillful lawyers. They will DO a ...
read full comment
Guys you can't deny that there is no feud amongst Asantefuo, Ayigbefuo, Mpepefuo, and Okyenni. Their behaviors have been toxic to governing our nation; mainly because of miseducation by our governments over the years. Not mak ...
read full comment
you are indeed a very fair minded person, those accusing you do not understand that a single article cannot be able to document all the tribal occurrences in Ghana, all you did was a summary but fair to the point.
One of t ...
read full comment
Brilliant as ever, Arthur. One point of contention though. Nana Akuffo-Addo's statement 'Yen Akanfuo' is tribalistic, isn't it? So Rawlings was wrong in his assessment of Nana's tribalistic credentials.
I wish I am resourceful enough to fly all our politicians to visit the Skull Museum in Luanda where one million heads are piled up for viewing as a result of the Hutu-Tutse war a ramification of ethnic conflicts arising from ...
read full comment
Let's continue playing ostrich.... There is no tribalism in GH politics...yooooo
That monkey Okoampa is here engineering , scheming and beating tribal WAR DRUMS everyday
The problem is SOME Asantes!!!.
Ewes get along with Gas, Fantes, Northerners. Can Asantes say the same?
TRIBALISM. MMMMM. BY THE WAY ASANTES ALSO GET ALONG WITH FRAFRAS, WANGARA MOSI, NZEMA AND EVEN DAGOMBAS(TRADITIONALLY). LETS PREACH UNITY NOT DIVISIVENESS.
NO NONSENSE, for your information, Ahhofe-Okoampah is not an Asantenin, he is Okyenni, from Asiakwa.
So, this is all you can say about a thief who wants her party to remain in power so she can escape justice. How many ewes and northerners are chief executives in other regions and how is e reverse possible? Now we live in a c ...
read full comment
Arthur Kennedy,
As usual, you have been disingenuous as you pick and choose so you can get at the NPP, and by implication, Nana Akufo-Addo, with your treachery!
The remark that Victor Owusu made in Parliament in 1969 w ...
read full comment
KKO, I hope you understand this proverb:
Eny3, wonkoto ntwene a, wommfa mma efie. In other words:
Ens3 s3 Ade bone biara tena efie.
Trying it in English:
A useless thing should not be kept in a house.
KKO we definitely a ...
read full comment
Mr Marcus I think the issue goes beyond ethnic superiority and that feeling is exactly what Osafo Marfo talked about..the feeling that "we" are the majority and our lands hold most of the resources of the land hence leadershi ...
read full comment
Thanks for your quick feedback myself, but read my previous comment:
"It Just Doesn't Happen Folks".
Peace
wow!!!! you could not even mention Akuffo Addo by name. Rawlings, Kuffour, NPP flagbearer. That is what we used to call 'ayaaka'