The United States Depart­ment of State has identified lengthy pre-trial detention as a “serious problem” in Ghana, noting instances where prisoners were held for indefinite periods through the renewal of warrants or by allowing warrants to lapse while investigations continued.

These findings were con­tained in the 2024 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices, an annual review on the status of internationally recognised human rights and worker rights.

The reports, submitted to the US Congress under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 and the Trade Act of 1974, cover all countries receiving US assis­tance and all United Nations member states.

The report said delays in bringing detainees to trial or releas­ing them were caused by several fac­tors, includ­ing police failure to investigate or follow up on cases, loss of case files, slow trial proceedings with frequent adjournments, and detainees’ inability to meet bail conditions that were often set extremely and inadequate legal representation for criminal defendants.

In some instances, the length of pre-trial detention exceeded the maximum sentence for the alleged crime, with reports of some detainees being held for as long as 11 years.

On torture and cruel, inhu­man or degrading treatment or punishment, the report noted that while the constitution and laws prohibit such practices, there were credible accounts of police beating and otherwise abusing suspects prior to their transfer to detention cells.

Victims were often reluctant to file complaints, and police generally denied allegations or claimed the force used was justified.

The report also stated that abuse and excessive use of force remained widespread. For example, in February, media reported that police in Accra caused bodily injury to a robbery suspect during interrogation to extract a confession.

Regarding female genital mu­tilation, the report noted that the practice is prohibited by law, but rates remain significantly higher in the north, particularly in the Upper East Region, which had a prevalence rate of 27.8 per cent compared to the national rate of 3.8 per cent.

On child marriage, it noted that the minimum legal age for marriage is 18, but enforce­ment is weak. Incidents are highest in the North­ern, North East, Upper East, Savannah, and Volta regions.

The Child Marriage Unit of the Domestic Violence Secre­tariat, under the Ministry of Gender, Children, and Social Protection, leads governmental efforts to combat the practice.

The ministry’s 2017–2026 National Strategic Framework on Ending Child Marriage prior­itises empowering girls through education and skills develop­ment.

Additionally, on refugee protection, the report said the government works with the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and other partners to provide protection and assistance.

In September, permission was granted for the Ghana Refugee Board and UNHCR to register Burkinabe asylum seek­ers living at least 18 miles from the border, a change from earlier policies limiting registration to those moving to designated settlements.

The report also noted that Ghana’s Jewish community, numbering a few hundred mem­bers, recorded no incidents of anti-semitism in 2024.