Wane ne Yahya Sinwar shugaban Hamas na Gaza?

Ɓacewar Yahya Sinwar bai zamo abin ba-zata ba, idan aka yi la'akari da irin namijin kokarin da dubban sojojin Isra'ila suka yi, da jiragen sama marasa matuka, da na'urorin sa ido da kuma mutane masu kwarmata bayanai, duk a ƙoƙarin gano inda yake.

Sinwar, wanda ke da farin gashi kamar dusar ƙanƙara da baƙin gashin gira shi ne shugaban ɓangaren siyasar Hamas a Gaza, kuma ɗaya daga cikin mutanen da Isra'ila ke nema ruwa a jallo.

Shugaban tare da wasu na da alhakin kai harin ranar 7 ga watan Oktoba a kudancin Isra'ila, wanda ya yi sanadin mutuwar mutum 1,200 da kuma yin garkuwa da mutane sama da 200.

A farkon watan Oktoba, kakakin rundunar tsaron Isra'ila, Daniel Hagari ya ayyana Sinwar a matsayin mataccen mutum da zarar aka kama shi.

"Yahya Sinwar ne ya shirya wannan mummunan harin," in ji Babban Hafsan Hafsoshin rundunar sojin Isra'ila, Herzi Halevi. Saboda haka, shi, tare da waɗanda suke ƙarƙashinsa matattu ne idan aka kama su."

Wannan dai ya haɗa da Mohammed Deif, shugaban ɓangaren soji na Hamas, da Birgediya Izzedine al-Qassam.

Hugh Lovatt, babban jami'i a Tarayyar Turai ya yi imanin cewa Deif ne ke da alhakin shirya harin na 7 ga Oktoba saboda aikin soji ne, amma Sinwar "da alama ya kasance cikin ƙungiyar da ta shirya kuma ya yi tasiri a lamarin".

Isra'ila ta yi imanin cewa, Sinwar, wanda shi ne na biyu a kan gaba bayan shugaban Hamas, Ismail Haniyeh, yana ƙarkashin ƙasa, yana boye a cikin hanyoyin da ke karkashin ƙasa a Gaza tare da jami'an tsaronsa, yana tattaunawa da kowa don tsoron kada a bi diddigin sakonsa da kuma gano shi.

Girmarsa da kuma kamawar da aka yi masa

An haifi Sinwar mai shekaru 61, wanda aka fi sani da Abu Ibrahim, a sansanin 'yan gudun hijira na Khan Younis da ke kudancin iyakar Zirin Gaza.

Iyayensa sun fito ne daga Ashkelon amma sun zama 'yan gudun hijira bayan abin da Falasdinawa ke kira "al-Naqba" (Bala'i) - yawan kaurar Falasdinawa daga gidajen kakanninsu a Falasdinu a yakin da ya biyo bayan kafuwar Isra'ila a shekara ta 1948.

Ya yi karatu a makarantar sakandari na maza a Khan Younis sannan ya kammala karatunsa na farko a fannin harshen Larabci a Jami'ar Musulunci ta Gaza.

A wancan lokacin, Khan Younis ya kasance “tushen” goyon bayan ’yan uwa Musulmi, in ji Ehud Yaari, wani ɗan cibiyar Washington Institute for Near East Policy, wanda ya yi hira da Sinwar a gidan yari sau hudu.

Ƙungiyar masu iƙirarin jihadi ta kasance wani gagarumin yunkuri na matasa masu zuwa masallatai a cikin talauci na sansanin 'yan gudun hijira", in ji Yaari, kuma daga baya za ta dauki irin wannan mahimmanci ga Hamas.

Isra'ila ta fara kama Sinwar a shekara ta 1982, yana da shekaru 19, saboda "ayyukansa na harkokin musulunci" sannan kuma ta sake kama shi a shekarar 1985. A daidai wannan lokacin ne ya samu amincewar mutumin da ya kafa Hamas da ke amfani da keken guragu, Sheikh Ahmed Yassin.

Bayan haka ne, su biyun suka shaƙu kuma suka samu kusanci sosai," in ji Kobi Michael, babban mai bincike a Cibiyar Nazarin Tsaro ta Kasa a Tel Aviv.

Wannan dangantaka da shugaban ruhin kungiyar Hamas za tayi tasiri a rayuwar da tafiyar Sinwar, in ji Michael.

Shekaru biyu bayan kafuwar Hamas a shekarar 1987, Sinwar ya kafa ƙungiyar tsaro ta cikin gida me suna al-Majd. A lokacin yana da shekaru 25 kacal.

Al-Majd ya yi kaurin suna wajen hukunta waɗanda ake zargi da laifukan da'a kamar hukunta shagunan masu sayar ba bidiyoyin batsa da kuma farauta da kashe duk wanda ake zargi da hada baki da Isra'ila in ji Michael.

Yaari ya ce shi ne ke da alhakin kashe mutane da dama da ake zargi da haɗa kai da Isra'ila. "Wasunsu da hannunsa ya kashe su kuma ya yi alfahari da hakan, yana magana da ni da wasu."

A cewar jami'an Isra'ila, daga baya ya amsa laifin hukunta wani da ake zargi da bayar da labari ta hanyar sa dan'uwan mutumin ya binne shi da rai.

Yaari ya ce "Shi mutum ne da zai iya tara mabiyansa da masoyinsa - tare da mutane da yawa waɗanda ke tsoronsa kawai kuma ba sa son samun matsala da shi," in ji Yaari.

A cikin 1988, Sinwar ya yi zargin cewa ya shirya garkuwa da kashe sojojin Isra'ila biyu. A wannan shekarar ne aka kama shi, Isra’ila ta kama shi da laifin kashe Falasɗinawa 12 tare da yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai hudu.

Shekaru a gidan yari

Sinwar ya shafe babban bangare na rayuwarsa - sama da shekaru 22 - a gidan yari na Isra'ila, daga 1988 zuwa 2011. Lokacin da ya yi a can, wasu daga cikinsu a kurkuku, da alama sun ƙara tayar masa da hankali.

Yaari ya ce: "Ya yi nasarar dora ikonsa ba tare da tausayi ba, ta hanyar amfani da karfi." Ya sanya kansa a matsayin jagora a cikin fursunonin, yana tattaunawa a madadinsu da hukumomin gidan yari tare da aiwatar da ladabtarwa a tsakanin fursunonin.

Wani duba da gwamnatin Isra'ila ta yi game da Sinwar a lokacin da yake kurkuku ya bayyana halinsa a matsayin "mugu, mai iko, mai tasiri kuma tare da iyawar juriya, wayo da kuma maguɗi, Yana kiyaye sirri ko da a cikin kurkuku a tsakanin sauran fursunoni ... Yana da ikon ɗaukar jama'a".

Duban da Yaari ya yi game da Sinwar, wanda ya yi a tsawon lokutan da suka hadu, shi ne cewa shi mai tabin hankali ne.

Yaari ya ce, "Mai wayo ne Sinwar, mutumi ne da ya san yadda zai janyo mutane su so shi a ko wane lokaci.".

Lokacin da Sinwar ya ce masa dole ne a hallaka Isra'ila kuma ya nace cewa babu wurin Yahudawa a Falasɗinawa, "yakan yi dariya, ya ce 'Wataƙila za mu keɓe ku'".

Yayin da ake tsare da Sinwar ya zama ƙwararre wajen yaren da karatun Ibrananci, yana karanta jaridun Isra'ila. Yaari ya ce Sinwar ya fi son ya yi magana da Ibrananci a koyaushe, duk da cewa Yaari ya iya yaren Larabci.

Yaari ya ce: “Ya nemi ya inganta Ibrananci. "Ina tsammanin yana so ya amfana daga wani da ya ƙware wajen Ibrananci fiye da masu kula da kurkuku."

An saki Sinwar a shekara ta 2011 a matsayin wani bangare na yarjejeniyar da aka saki fursunonin Falasɗinawa da Larabawan Isra'ila 1,027 daga gidan yari domin a saki wani sojin Isra'ila daya da aka yi garkuwa da shi, Gilad Shalit.

An tsare Shalit tsawon shekaru biyar bayan sace shi da wasu - dan uwan ​​Sinwar, wanda babban kwamandan soji ne na Hamas. Tuni dai Sinwar ya yi kira da a ƙara yin garkuwa da sojojin Isra'ila.

Ya zuwa yanzu dai Isra'ila ta kawo karshen mamayar da take yi a Zirin Gaza kuma Hamas ce ke jagorantar ƙasar, bayan da ta lashe zaɓe sannan ta kawar da abokan hamayyarta jam'iyyar Fatah ta Yasser Arafat ta hanyar jefar da da yawa daga cikin mambobinta daga saman dogayen gine-gine.

Kangarewa

Lokacin da Sinwar ya koma Gaza, nan da nan aka karbe shi a matsayin shugaba, in ji Michael.

Yawancin wannan yana da nasaba da martabarsa a matsayinsa na mamba na Hamas wanda ya sadaukar da shekaru masu yawa na rayuwarsa a gidajen yarin Isra'ila.

Amma kuma, "mutane kawai suna tsoronsa - wannan mutum ne da ya kashe mutane da hannunsa," in ji Michael. "Ya kasance mai tsananin zalunci, mai tsaurin ra'ayi da kwarjini a lokaci guda."

Yaari ya ce, "Ba mai magana ba ne." "Idan yana magana da jama'a, kamar wani daga cikin gungun mutane ne."

Yaari ya ƙara da cewa, nan da nan bayan ya bar gidan yari, Sinwar ya kuma kulla ƙawance da ƙungiyar Izzedine al-Qassam da kuma babban hafsan sojin ƙasar, Marwan Issa.

A shekara ta 2013, an zaɓe shi mamba a ofishin siyasa na Hamas a Zirin Gaza, kafin ya zama shugabanta a shekarar 2017.

Ƙanin Sinwar Mohammed shi ma ya ci gaba da taka rawar gani a Hamas. Ya yi ikirarin cewa ya tsallake rijiya da baya a yunkurin kisan gillar da Isra’ila ta yi masa kafin Hamas ta sanar da cewa ya mutu a shekara ta 2014.

Tun daga lokacin da kafofin yada labarai suka bayyana cewa yana da rai, yana aiki a reshen sojan Hamas da ke ɓoye a cikin ramukan da ke karkashin Gaza kuma wataƙila ma ya taka rawa a hare-haren ranar 7 ga watan Oktoba.

Ƙimar Sinwar na rashin tausayi da tashin hankali ya sa aka yi masa lakabi da 'The Butcher of Khan Younis.'

Yaari ya ce: "Mutum ne da ke ba da horo na rashin tausayi, mutane sun sani a Hamas - idan kun yi rashin biyayya ga Sinwar, kun sanya rayuwar ku a kan layi."

An yi zargin cewa shi ne ke da alhakin tsarewa da azabtarwa da kisan wani kwamandan Hamas mai suna Mahmoud Ishtiwi a shekara ta 2015 da ake zargi da almubazzaranci da luwadi.

A shekarar 2018, a wani jawabi da ya yi wa kafafen yaɗa labarai na ƙsashen duniya, ya nuna goyon bayansa ga dubban Falasɗinawa da su keta shingen kan iyaka da ke raba Zirin Gaza da Isra'ila a wani bangare na zanga-zangar da Amurka ta mayar da ofishin jakadancinta daga Tel Aviv zuwa birnin Kudus.

A cikin wannan shekarar ya yi ikirarin cewa ya tsallake rijiya da baya a wani yunƙurin kisan gilla da Falasɗinawa masu biyayya ga ƴan adawa da gwamnatin Falasɗinawa suka yi a Yamma da Gaɓar Kogin Jordan.

Amma duk da haka ya kuma nuna lokaci na aiki, yana tallafawa tsagaita wuta na wucin gadi da Isra'ila, musayar fursunoni, da yin sulhu da Hukumar Falasɗinawa. Har ma wasu 'yan adawa sun soke shi da cewa mai matsakaicin ra'ayi ne, in ji Michael.

Kusancinsa da Iran

Yawancin jami'an tsaro na Isra'ila sun yi imanin cewa kuskure ne mai tsanani da aka sake Sinwar daga kurkuku a matsayin wani bangare na musayar fursunoni.

Yari ya ce: "Yana kallon kansa a matsayin mutumin da zai 'yantar da Falasdinawa - ba batun inganta yanayin tattalin arziki ba ne ko ayyukan zamantakewa ga Gaza." "Ba shi bane."

A cikin 2015, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka a hukumance ta kasafta Sinwar a matsayin "Ɗan ta'addar Duniya Na Musamman". A watan Mayun shekarar 2021 ne Isra'ila ta kai farmaki kan gidansa da ofishinsa a Zirin Gaza. A cikin Afrilun 2022, a cikin wani jawabi ta talabijin, ya ƙarfafa mutane su kai hari Isra'ila ta kowace hanya.

Manazarta sun bayyana shi a matsayin babban jigo da ke alakanta ofishin siyasa na Hamas da reshenta masu dauke da makamai, Izzedine al-Qassam Brigades, waɗanda suka jagoranci hare-haren kudancin Isra'ila a ranar 7 ga watan Oktoba.

A ranar 14 ga Oktoba, mai magana da yawun sojojin Isra'ila, Laftanar Kanal Richard Hecht, ya kira Sinwar "fuskar zalunci". Ya ƙara da cewa: "Idonmu na kan annan mutumin da dukkan tawagarsa kuma za mu kamasu."

Sinwar kuma yana da kusanci da Iran. Haɗin kai tsakanin ƙasa ta Shi'a da ƙungiyar Larabawa 'yan Sunni ba abu ne da ke bayyana a fili ba, amma dukkansu biyu suna da manufar kawo ƙarshen ƙasar Isra'ila da kuma 'yantar da Kudus daga mamayar Isra'ila.

Sun zo aiki hannu da hannu. Iran tana ba da kuɗaɗe da horar da kungiyar Hamas da makamai, inda take taimaka mata wajen inganta karfin soji da kuma tara makaman roka, wadanda take amfani da su wajen kai hari kan garuruwan Isra'ila.

Sinwar ya bayyana jin daɗinsa da wannan tallafi a wani jawabi da ya yi a shekarar 2021. Idan ba don Iran ba, da tsayin daka a Falasɗianwa ba zai mallaki karfin da take da shi a yanzu ba.

Duk da haka kashe Sinwar zai zama mafi "Nasarar da za ta zo da tsadar gaske" ga Isra'ila fiye da yadda zai yi tasiri a zahiri, in ji Mista Lovatt.

Ƙungiyoyi masu daukan makami suna saurin sassauya wa - an cire wani kwamandan aiki ko jagora kuma an maye gurbinsu da sauri da wani. Magajin su wani lokaci ba ya da kwarewa ko kuma sahihanci iri ɗaya amma har yanzu ƙungiyar tana yin nasarar sake farfado da kanta ta wani salo.

"A bayyane yake, zai kasance asara," in ji Mista Lovatt, "amma za a maye gurbinsa kuma akwai tsare-tsare don yin hakan. Ba kamar kashe Bin Laden ba ne. Akwai wasu manyan shugabannin siyasa da na soja a cikin Hamas."

Watakila babbar tambaya ita ce wannan - menene zai faru da Gaza lokacin da Isra'ila ta kawo ƙarshen yaƙin da take yi na kawar da Hamas, kuma wa zai yi jagora?

Kuma shin za su iya hana ta sake zama tambarin kaddamar da hare-hare a kan Isra'ila, da haifar da sakamako mai girma irin azaba da hallaka da muke gani yanzu.