Ko China za ta iya kere Amurka a fagen ƙirƙirarriyar basira ta AI?

Ƙirƙirarriyar basira ta AI ta zama abin damuwa kasancewar ta shiga cikin jadawalin taron ƙungiyar G7 ta ƙasashe bakwai mafiya ƙarfin tattalin arziki a ƙarshen mako.

Damuwar da aka nuna kan mummunan tasirin AI ta yi daidai da ƙoƙarin da Amurka ke yi na taƙaita shigar China cikin harkokin fasahar mai muhimmanci.

Zuwa yanzu, Amurka da alama na kan gaba a fagen AI. Kuma akwai yiwuwar takunkumin da aka sa a yanzu kan shigar da na'urorin fasaha zuwa China na iya janyo tarnaƙi ga ci gaban China ta fuskar fasahar.

Sai dai China sannu a hankali na iya kaiwa matsayin, a cewar masu nazari, saboda mas'aloli na AI ka iya ɗaukar shekaru kafin a inganta su.

"Kamfanonin kula da intanet na China sun fi samun ci gaba a kan na Amurka - wani batu da za a iya ƙalubalanta, sai dai ya danganta ga yadda kake auna ci gaba," in ji Kendra Schaefer, shugabar sashen nazarin manufofin fasaha a Trivium China.

Sai dai ta ce "an ƙiyasta cewa manyan ƙasashe sun zarta China wajen ikon samar da na'urori da kayan fasaha na zamani da wajen shekara 10 zuwa 15".

Kamfanonin sadarwa na Silicon Valley

Babbar damar ita ce Silicon Valley, wadda za a iya cewa ita ce babbar cibiyar kasuwanci ta duniya.

Ita ce tsatson manyan kamfanonin fasaha kamar Google da Apple da Intel da suka taimaka wajen tsara rayuwar zamani.

Ta taimaka wa masu ƙirƙire-ƙirƙire a Amurka ta hanyar al'adun bincike na musamman, in ji Pascal Fung, daraktan cibiyar binciken AI a jami'ar kimiyya da fasaha ta Hong Kong.

Masu bincike suna shafe shekaru suna aiki domin inganta fasaha ba tare da tanadin manhajar ba, in ji Ms Fung.

Kamfanin OpenAI, misali, ya shafe shekaru a matsayin kamfani mai zaman kansa inda yake bincike kan tsarin samar da ƙirƙirarriyar basira, wanda ya ɗauki ragamar ChatGPT.

"Babu wannan tsarin a akasarin kamfanonin China. Suna gina tsarin ƙirƙirarriyar basira kawai idan suka ga karɓuwa," in ji ta. "Wannan wani babban ƙalubale ne ga fasahar AI ɗin China.

Masu zuba jari ma suna tallafa wa yunƙurin nazari da ƙasar take yi. A 2019, kamfanin Microsoft ya ce zai saka dala biliyan ɗaya, kwatankwacin fan 810,000 a manhajar OpenAI.

"AI ɗaya ne daga cikin manyan fasahohi na wannan zamani kuma yana da yiwuwar taimakawa wajen warware galibin ƙalubalen da duniya ke fuskanta," in ji shugaban kamfanin Microsoft Satya Nadella.

Damar China

China, a wani ɓangaren, tana amfana daga tarin abokanan hulɗa. Ita ce ƙasa ta biyu mafi yawan al'umma, da kusan mutum biliyan 1.4.

Tana kuma da kasuwar intanet mai ci, in ji Edith Yeung, abokin aiki a kamfanin zuba hannun jari na Race Capital.

Kusan kowa a ƙasar yana amfani da manhajar WeChat, misali. Ana amfani da ita wajen yin kusan komai daga aika saƙonnin karta-kwana zuwa ga neman ganin likita da tattara bayanan haraji.

Dalilin haka, akwai yalwar bayanai da ake iya amfani da su wajen inganta manhajojin. "Tsarin AI yana da kyau ne kawai kamar bayanan da ake da su domin koyo daga gare su," in ji Ms Yeung.

"Ko dai ta hanya mai kyau ko akasin haka, China ba ta da isassun dokoki da ke kiyaye sirri da kuma ƙarin bayanai idan aka kwatanta da Amurka. Akwai na'urar naɗar hoto ta CCTV da ke gane fuska a ko ina, misali," in ji ta. "Ka yi tunanin irin alfanun da hakan zai yi ga hotunan da aka samo daga AI."

Yayin da fasahar China da alama ke bayan Amurka, masu ƙirƙirarsu suna na da dama, a cewar Lee Kai-Fu, wanda ya bayyana a littafinsa mai suna AI Superpowers: China, Silicon Valley, and the New World Order.

"Suna zaune ne a duniyar da hanzari yake da muhimmanci, kwaikwayo karɓaɓɓen lamari ne kuma abokan gogayya za su ci gaba da ƙoƙari har su samu karɓuwa," kamar yadda Mr Lee, wani fitacce a ɓangaren fasahar intanet ta Beijing kuma tsohon shugaban kamfanin Google a China.

"Wannan rashin dokokin ya banbanta sosai da Silicon Valley, inda ake nuna ƙyama kan kwaikwayon abu sannan ana barin kamfanoni da dama su yi dadalmaya kan batu ɗaya."

Zamanin kwafar abu da China ke yi shi kansa yana da nasa matsalolin, har da batutuwa muhimmai game da mallakar fasaha. Mr Lee ya rubuta cewa hakan ya haifar da ƴan kasuwa da ke da burin yin gogayya.

Tun shekarun 1980, China ta ci gaba da faɗaɗa tattalin arzikinta wanda ya raja'a kacokan kan samar da kayayyaki zuwa ga wanda ya shahara ta fannin fasaha, in ji Ms Fung.

"A shekaru 10 da suka gabata, mun ga sabbin ƙirƙira daga kamfanonin intanet na China," in ji ta.

Shin China za ta iya kaiwa gaci?

Yayin da kamfanonin fasaha na China ke da dama ta musamman, zuwa yanzu cikakken tasirin kama-karya na Beijing bai bayyana ba.

Akwai tambayoyi, misali, game da ko mallaka za ta shafi ci gaban ƙirƙirarrun fasashohin Chatbots. Shin za su iya amsa muhimman tambayoyi game da Shugaba Xi Jingping?

"Ba na tunanin a China kowa zai yi tambayoyi masu taƙaddama kan Baidu ko Ernie. Sun san an tace su," in ji Ms Yeung. "Batutuwa masu muhimmanci wani ɗan ɓangare ne na amfanin chatbots. Suna samun hankalin ƴan jarida," kamar yadda Ms Fung ta bayyana.

Babban abin damuwar shi ne ƙoƙarin Amurka na taƙaita shigar China wasu fannonin fasaha na iya yin cikas ga masana'antar AI ta Amurka.

Kayan na'urorin kwamfuta a yanzu su ne silar rikici tsakanin Washington da Beijing. Ana amfani da su a kayayyaki da dama har da kwamfuta ta hannu da wayoyin hannu, kuma suna iya ɗaukar manhajoji na soji. Suna da muhimmanci ga kayan aikin da ake buƙata wajen koyar da AI.

Kamfanonin Amurka kamar Nvidia a yanzu suna kan gaba wajen ƙirƙirar kayan amfani na AI, kuma kamfanonin China ƙalilan ne ke iya gogayya da ChatGPT" saboda takunkumin da aka sa kan kayayyakin da ake fitarwa, in ji Ms Fung.

China na buƙatar ta samar da cibiyar kasuwancinta idan tana son magance haka - ta yadda za ta janyo masu basira daga ɓngarori da dama, in ji Ms Fung.

"Zuwa yanzu, ta dogara ne kan masu basira na cikin gida da waɗanda suke ƙasar waje ƴan asalin China. in ji ta.

Sai dai ta sake riƙe wuta a ɓangaren. A watan Maris, Zhao Weiguo ya zama mashahuri a fannin fasaha da hukumomi ke zargi da cin hanci da rashawa.

Mayar da hankalin da Beijing ta yi kan wasu masana'antu na iya kawo mata kuɗi amma yana iya nufin ƙara bincike da ƙarin fargaba da rashin tabbas.

"Kama Zhao wani saƙo ne ga sauran kamfanoni mallakin gwamnati: kar ku yi wadaƙa da kuɗaɗen gwamnati, musamman a fagen fasaha," in ji Ms Schaefer. Yanzu lokaci ya yi na ci gaba da aikin."

Abin jira a gani shi ne yadda saƙon zai shafi makomar fasahar AI ta China.