Barazana da zagi: Yadda diflomasiyyar Rasha ta ɓalɓalce a ƙarƙashin Putin

A baya jami'an diflmasiyyar Rasha ne ƙashin bayan duk wata hulɗar diflomasiyyar ƙasashen waje da Shugaba Putin ke amfani da ita, amma daga baya hakan ta kau.

Bayan 'yan shekaru da ƙasar ta Rasha ta ɗauki matakin mamaye Ukraine, sai baki ɗayan kimar jami'an diflomasiyyarta ta zube bayan sun zama 'yan amshin-shatan manufar fadar Kremlin.

Sashen Rashanci na BBC ya tambayi wasu daga cikin tsofaffin jami'an diflomasiyyar tare da wasu tsofaffin ma'aikatan fadar Kremlin da na White House, domin sanin abin da ya kawo wannan zubewar kima.

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A watan Oktoban 2021 mataimakiyar sakataren harkokin wajen Amurka Victoria Nuland ta je birnin Moscow na Rasha domin halartar wani taron da ma'aikatar lamurran ƙasashen wajen Rasha ta shirya.

A wurin taron ta hadu da mataimakin Sakataren harkokin wajen Rasha Sergei Ryabkov, mutumin da Mis Nuland a sani kuma suke da alaƙa ta tsawon gomman shekaru.

Tana ganin Mista Ryabkov a matsayin takwara mai daɗin hulɗa wanda kuma a baya suke da dangantakar diflomasiyya mai kyau game da ƙasashen biyu, ko da kuwa an samu tsamin dangantaka tsakanin ƙasashen, amma a yanzu wannan lamari ya sauya.

Mista Ryabkov ya karanto wani jawabi mai bayyana manufar gwamnatin Rasha a kan wata 'yar takarda da ke hannunsa, inda ya ƙi barin Mis Nuland ta soma nata jawabin, abin da ya bai wa Mis Nuland mamaki, kamar yadda wasu mutane biyu da suka tattauna da su suka bayyana.

Bayan an kammala taron, an lura da jami'an diflomasiyyar na raha tare da tattaunawa wasu batutuwa masu dangantaka da rayuwarsu.

"Ba mu damu da takunkuman da ƙasashen Yamma ke ƙaƙaba mana ba."

"Bari in yi magana. Idan ba haka ba za ku san yadda makamai masu linzami na Rasha ke aiki."

"Matsorata kawai" - maganar ta fito cikin hushi da tsawa.

Irin waɗannan kalaman ne kawai ake ta jiyowa daga bakin manyan jami'an ofishhn harkokin wajen Rasha a 'yan shekarun nan.

Ya aka yi muka samu kanmu a nan?

Wani sabon yaƙin cacar baka ke nan

Abu ne mawuyaci a yi zaton faruwar hakan, amma ko Shugaba Putin da kansa ya shaida wa BBC a shekarar 2000 cewa a shirye Rasha take ta yi hadin gwiwa da ƙungiyar tsaro ta Nato...wato dai yin kawance da ita".

Ya ƙara da cewa, "Ba zan iya jure ƙasata ta zama saniyar ware a tsakanin ƙasashen Turai ba".

A wancan lokaci da bai daɗe da zama shugaban ƙasa ba, Mista Putin na da zimmar ganin ya gina kyakkyawar alaƙa tsakaninsa da ƙasashen Yamma, kamar yadda wani babban jami'in fadar Kremlin ya shaida wa BBC.

Jami'an diflomasiyyar Rasha ne 'yan tawagar da Putin ke amfani da su wajen shiga tsakani domin magance kowace irin jayayya da aka samu tsakanin Chana da Norway da ke jagorantar tattaunawa da ƙasashen Turai da kuma tattabatar da an miƙa mulki cikin lumana bayan gudanar da juyin juya hali a Georgia.

Amma daga baya lokacin da Putin ya fahimci ya samu duk wani abu da yake buƙata, sai ya gamsu cewa jakadun ba su da wani muhmmanci a gare sh, a cewar Alexander Gabuev, darakta a cibiyar Carnegie mai nazari kan lamuran ƙasashen Turai, wanda a yanzu ke gudun hijira a birnin Berlin na Jamus.

A shekarar 2007 aka samu alamar ɓarkewar yaƙin cacar baka sakamakon wani jawabi da Shugaba Putin ya yi a wani taro da ya shafi lamurran tsaro da ya gudana a birnin Munich na Jamus.

Ya kwashe minti 30 yana caccakar ƙasashen Yamma tare da zargin su da yunƙurin karkatar da hankalin duniya zuwa gare su. Haka nan su ma jami'an diflomassiyar Rasha suka bi sahunsa.

Shekara ɗaya da aukuwar haka lokacin da Rasha ta mamaye Georgia sai ga shi kuma ministan harkokin wajen Rasha, Sergei Lavrov, na mayar wa takwaransa na Birtaniya David Miliband martani cikin kakkausan lafazi yana cewa: "Wane ne kai da za ka nuna min abin da zan yi?"

A shekarar 2009 shugabannin ƙasashen yamma sun ɗauka cewa akwai fatan ci gaba da tattaunawa da Putin, wanda Mista Lavrov na Rasha da sakataren gwamnatin Amurka ta waccan lokaci Hillary Clinton sun taka rawa sosai wajen dawo da alaƙa tsakanin ƙasashen biyu, musamman a ɓanagarorin da suka shafi tsaro.

Amma cikin lokaci ƙanƙani Amurka ta gano cewa takwarorinta na Rasha na tallata manofofin Putin ne kawai na ƙyamar ƙasasen Yamma, in ji Ben Rhodes, mataimakin mai ba shugaban Amurka Barack Obama shawara kan harkokin tsaro.

Mista Rhode ya tuna lokacin da shugaba Obama ya gudanar da karin kumallo tare da shugaba Putin a shekarar 2009, da kuma aka ƙawata da kiɗan na musamman.

Ya ce Mista Putin ya fi mayar da hankali a kan tattauna manufofn ƙasashen duniya a maimakon samar da haɗin kai, har ma shugaban na Rasha ya taɓa zargin wanda ya gaji Obama, wato George W. Bush, da hannu wajen yi wa Rasha butulci.

Mista Rhodes ya ce lokacin da zanga-zangar nan da ta karaɗe ƙasashen Larabawa ta auku da katsaladan ɗin Amurka a Libiya da kuma zanga-zangar da aka gudanar a titunan Rasha a tsakanin shekarun 2011 da 2012, sai shugaba Putin ya yanke shawarar cewa huldar diflomasiyya ba za ta taɓuka masa kome ba.

"Dangane da wasu batutuwa kuma - musamman game da Ukrain - a ganina jami'an diflmasiyya ba su da wata muhimmiyar rawa da za su taka" in ji shi.

Wani abin misali ma shi ne, lokacin da aka naɗa Mista Lavrov ministan harkokin wajen Rasha shekaru 20 da suka wuce, yana da "fahimta game da duniya da kuma muƙaminsa," kamar yadda wani tsohon babban jami'in fadar Kremlin ya shaida wa BBC.

A cewar Mista Gabuev, "Fadar Kremlin ta sha tuntuɓar sa duk kuwa ana zaton ra'ayinsa ya sha bamban da na shugaba Putin".

Mujallar Financial Times ta ruwaito cewa, lokacin da aka tura dakaru zuwa Ukraine a shekarar 2022, Mista Lavrov ne kawaI mutum na farko da ya fara gane haka 'yan sa'o'i kafin soma yaƙin.

Andrei Kelin, shi ne jakadan Rasha a Birtaniya ya yi fatali da tunanin da Rasha ke yi cewa jami'an diflomasiyyarta ba su da wani tasirin. Jakadan na da masaniya da aiki da ƙasashen Yamma a lokcin da yake matsayin jami'in diflomasiyya.

A wata hira da BBC, ya ƙi ya ɗora alhakin ko dai Rasha ko ɗaiɗaikun jakadanta a ƙasashen yamma ne da alhakin ruguza hulɗar dangantaka tsakanin ƙasar da Turai.

"Ba mu ne da wanan alhakin ba," in ji shi. "Muna da tsamin dangantaka da gwamnatin Kyiv. Kuma babu wani abu da za mu iya yi game da hakan."

Ya ce yaƙin da ke gudana a Ukraine "ci gaba ne da gudanar hulɗar difomasiyya ta wata hanya daban".

Yadda ake kallon hulɗar diflomasiyya

A daidai lokacin da darajar jami'an jakadancin ƙasashen waje ke daɗa raguwa, sai suka mayar da hankalinsu ga ƙasar Rasha. Maria Zakharova, wadda ta zama kakakin ma'aikatar jakadancin Rasha a 2015 ta zama abar misali a wannan sabon babi.

"Kafin ita sauran jami'an sun jajirce a kan matsayinsu, inda gaba ɗaya suke kaffa-kaffa a kalaman da suke amfani da su", kamar yadda wani tsohon jami'in diflomasiyyar Rasha Boris Bondarev wanda ke adawa da yaƙin da ake ci ga da yi a Ukraine ya bayyana.

Takwarorinta na ɓanagaren diflomasiyya su ma sun bi sahu. Mista Bodarev wanda ya taɓa aiki da fsihi jakadanci Rasha a Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya a birnin Geneva, ya ce ce akwai wani taron da Rasha ta rufe kowace dama tare da ba abokan aiki daga Switerland damar yin ƙorafi.

"Muka ce da su: 'Menene matsala? Muna da ƙarfin iko, ku kuma 'yan Switerland ne kawai'

A cewar wani mai sharhi akan lamurran ƙasar Rasha, Gabuev, Wannan mataki ne kawai da aka fito da shi domin farantawa manufar Rasha a gida.

Ya ƙara da cewa amma wannan wani batu ne da ka shirya domin wasu na daban. An kuma tura saƙon Telegram zuwa birnin Mosco bayan an gudanar da taron ƙasashen waje da ya mayar da hankali kan yadda za a ja hankalin jami'an diflomasiyya su ci gaba da kare manufofin ƙasarsu.

A cewar sa, "kowane saƙo zai zama wani abu kamar, 'mun ba su wahalar gaske Mun yi bajintar kare muradun Rasha, kuma ƙasashen yama ba su da abinda za su iya yi kan haka."

Mista Bondarev ya tuna da cin abincin dare a Geneva a watan Janairun 2022 lokacin da Mista Ryabkov daga ma'aiakatar harkokin waje ya hadu da jami'an gwamnatin Amurka.

Sakataren gwamnatin Amurka na farko Wendy Sherman ya yi fatan a samu duk wata hanya da za a bi don kauce wa mamaye Ukraine a lokacin wata tattaunawar sulhu da ta ɗauki sa'a 11 ana gudanarwa.

Bayan 'yan shekaru, jakadan Japan a hukumar kare hakkin ɗa'adam a Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya Hideaki Ueda ya nemi takwaransa a taron da ya kama bakinsa. Shi ma Gavin Williamson ya yi amfani da irin wannan kalamai ga ƙasar Rasha lokacin da ya ke matsayin sakataren tsaron Birtaniya".

Baya ga hakan shi ma jakadan Ukrain a ƙasar Jamus Andriy Melnyk a bara ya taɓa bayyana shugaban gwamnatin Jamus, Olaf Scholz, a matsayin "takarcen miyar da ta yi tsami".

Amurka ba ta iya dakatar da wannan yaƙi farat ɗaya

Bayan kwashe shekara da rabi ana gwabza yaƙi shin ko akwai fatan cewa tattaunawar diflomasiyya na iya kawo ƙarshensa?

Galibin mutanen da BBC ta tattauna da su na ganin abu ne mai kamar wuya. Kimanin kashi 95 cikin 100 na aikin jami'an diflomasiyya bai wuce "taron shan shayi ba", in ji Mista Bodarev. Ya ce babu wani abu takamaimai da za a iya yi.

An dakatar da Jakada Kelin daga shiga majalisar dokokin Birtaniya. Akwai lokacin da ya taɓa cewa ma an bar ofishin jakadancin Rasha a Landan babu wutar lantarki da iskar gas, kuma kamfunnan inshora sun ƙi yi wa motcin ofishin inshora.

Da alama Rasha na ci gaba da dogaro kan ƙarfinta na soja, da tattara bayanan sirri, da kuma ƙrfin tattalin arzikinta wajen nuna tasirinta - sama da diflomasiyya.

A irin wannan yanayi na sarewar gwiwa, me ya sa jami’an diflomasiyyar Rasha ba za su fice su ce sun ajiye aikin ba gaba ɗaya?

“Matsala ce ga duk wanda ya samu kansa a irin yanayin da suka samu kan su tsawon shekara 10 ko 20,” kamar yadda wani tsohon ma’aikacin fadar Kremlin ya shaida wa BBC. “Babu wata rayuwa bayan wannan. Abin tsoro ne.”

Shi ma Mista Bondarev, ya goyi bayan hakan. “Ba don yaƙin ba, babu mamaki zan ci gaba da aikin kuma na jure,” in ji shi.

“Aikin ba wai abin ƙi ba ne. Ka zauna, ka sha ‘yar wahala kuma ka shaƙata da yamma.”